HHD EXAM

Question 1

H&W

Answer 1

The state of a person’s physical, social,
emotional, mental and spiritual
existence, characterised by an
equilibrium in which the individual feels
happy, healthy, capable and engaged.

Question 2

Physical H&W

Answer 2

relates to the functioning of
the body and its systems
-adequate sleep
- maintain ideal body weight
- free from disease/injury

Question 3

Mental H&W

Answer 3

the current state of wellbeing
relating to a person’s mind or brain and
the ability to think and process
information.
- Low levels of stress
- high self esteem

Question 4

Social H&W

Answer 4

Relates to the ability to form
meaningful and satisfying relationships
with others and the ability to manage or
adapt appropriately to different social
situations.
- Supportive network of friends
- effective communication skills

Question 5

Emotional H&W

Answer 5

elates to the ability to
express emotions and feelings in a
positive way.
- High levels of resilience
- effectively manage emotions

Question 6

Spiritual H&W

Answer 6

relates to ideas, beliefs,
values and ethics that arise in the minds
and conscience of human beings.
- A sense of belonging
- positive meaning and purpose of life

Question 7

Health as a resource individually

Answer 7

gain an education/employment
sleep well and exercise

Question 8

Health as a resource nationally

Answer 8

health systems savings
increased productivity/ higher
average incomes
longer, healthier lives

Question 9

health as a resource globally

Answer 9

reduces risk of disease transmission
across countries
promotes sustainability

Question 10

dynamic

Answer 10

continually changing

Question 11

Subjective

Answer 11

influenced by or based on
personal beliefs, feelings or opinions

Question 12

disease

Answer 12

a physical or mental disturbance
involving symptoms, dysfunction or
tissue damag

Question 13

illness

Answer 13

a subjective concept related to personal
experience of a disease or injury.

Question 14

how smoking effects HS AND BOD

Answer 14

respiratory conditions (e.g. asthma)
lung, mouth and stomach cancer
increased risk of infection

Question 15

how alcohol effects HS AND BOD

Answer 15

liver disease (e.g. cirrhosis)
injuries (road traffic, self harm)

Question 16

how high BMI effects HS AND BOD

Answer 16

CVD, type 2 diabetes
osteoarthritis & osteoporosis

Question 17

underconsumption of fruit and veg effects on HS AND BOD

Answer 17

high BMI and associated conditions
neural tube defects

Question 18

underconsumption of dairy effects on HS AND BOD

Answer 18

osteoporosis & dental caries

Question 19

high intake of at effects on HS AND BOD

Answer 19

high BMI and type 2 diabetes

Question 20

high intake of salt effects on HS AND BOD

Answer 20

osteoporosis & CVD

Question 21

high intake of sugar effects on HS AND BOD

Answer 21

dental caries and disease

Question 22

low intake of fibre effects on HS AND BOD

Answer 22

colorectal cancer

Question 23

low intake of iron effects on HS AND BOD

Answer 23

anaemia

Question 24

Incidence

Answer 24

NEW cases of a condition

Question 25

prevalence

Answer 25

TOTAL cases of condition

Question 26

Morbidity

Answer 26

Ill health in an individual and levels of ill health within a population

Question 27

BOD

Answer 27

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries

Question 28

DALY

Answer 28

YLL (years of life lost) + YLD (years lost due to disability)

Question 29

LE

Answer 29

The number of years of life, on average, remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change.

Question 30

Mortality

Answer 30

Number of deaths in a population. Infant is 0-1 and Maternal = mothers pregnancy

Question 31

Self-assessed health status

Answer 31

An individual’s own opinion about how they feel about their health, their state of mind and their life in general.

Question 32

Biological factors

Answer 32

relate the structure of the cells, tissues and systems of the body e.g. genetics, body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, birth weight

Question 33

sociocultural factors

Answer 33

relate to the social and cultural conditions in which people live work and grow. e.g. food insecurity, unemployment, SES, healthcare, norms

Question 34

environmental factors

Answer 34

relate to the physical surroundings e.g. workplaces, housing, climate change, infrastructure

Question 35

prerequisites

Answer 35

peace shelter education food income stable ecosystem (balance between environment & species living there) sustainable resources (resources can be used now & into the future) social justice (similar to equality) equity

Question 36

Old public health

Answer 36

Government actions that focused on changing the physical environment to prevent the spread of disease. - providing safe water and sanitation - improved nutrition and housing conditions & better work conditions - quarantine laws/ immunisations

Question 37

Biomedical model of health

Answer 37

Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. It is a model practised by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, treatment and cure of disease. - quick fix/bandaid approach - extends life expectancy - expensive and doesn't promote good health and wellbeing

Question 38

New public health

Answer 38

New public health (aka social model of health) is an approach to health that expands the traditional focus on individual behaviour change to one that considers the ways in which physical, sociocultural and political environments impact on health. Also referred to as the social model of health.

Question 39

social model of health principles

Answer 39

- acts to enable access to healthcare - empowers individuals and communities - addresses the broader determinants (or factors) of health - involves intesectoral collaboration - acts to reduce social inequities

Question 40

positives and negatives of social model

Answer 40

Promotes good health and wellbeing (holistic approach) and is less expensive than biomedical model, however it doesn't address concerns of individuals and not every condition can be treated.

Question 41

Ottawa charter

Answer 41

An approach developed by the WHO that aims to reduce inequalities in health. It reflects the SMOH and provides 5 action areas all of which are centred around 3 strategies for health promotion which are enabling, mediating and advocacy.

Question 42

Ottawa Charter action areas

Answer 42

build healthy public policy create supportive environments strengthen community action develop personal skills reorient health services

Question 43

Medicare

Answer 43

Medicare is Australia’s universal health insurance scheme. It provides subsidised healthcare to Australian citizens