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hhd unit 3 aos2 Flashcards

study for sac (72 cards)

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1
Q

What health conditions are associated with smoking?

A

Cardiovascular disease, lung/liver/pancreatic cancer, asthma, COPD, strokes, and infant health issues.

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2
Q

How does smoking contribute to Australia’s burden of disease?

A

Increased YLL and YLD due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory illnesses.

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3
Q

What are the health concerns linked to alcohol consumption?

A

Weight gain, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, injuries, and mental health issues.

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4
Q

How does alcohol impact Australia’s burden of disease?

A

Higher YLL from alcohol-related deaths and increased YLD due to chronic conditions like liver disease and mental health disorders.

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5
Q

What conditions are linked to a high BMI?

A

Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, asthma, arthritis.

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6
Q

How does high BMI contribute to burden of disease?

A

Increased DALY from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and musculoskeletal conditions.

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7
Q

What are the consequences of under-consuming vegetables?

A

Low fibre intake, reduced antioxidants, low folate intake.

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8
Q

How does under-consuming vegetables impact health status and burden of disease?

A

Higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and infant mortality; increased DALY due to neural tube defects.

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9
Q

What are the effects of under-consuming fruits?

A

Low fibre intake, fewer antioxidants.

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10
Q

How does under-consuming fruits contribute to burden of disease?

A

Increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neural tube defects.

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11
Q

What are the effects of under-consuming dairy?

A

Low calcium intake, increased risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, and type 2 diabetes.

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12
Q

How does low dairy consumption impact burden of disease?

A

Higher YLD from osteoporosis, increased DALY due to chronic diseases.

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13
Q

How does a high fat intake impact health?

A

Leads to weight gain, atherosclerosis, higher LDL cholesterol.

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14
Q

How does excessive fat intake contribute to burden of disease?

A

Increased DALY from obesity-related diseases, lower life expectancy.

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15
Q

What are the risks of high sugar intake?

A

Stored as fat, increases risk of dental decay.

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16
Q

How does high sugar intake impact burden of disease?

A

Increased YLL from obesity-related diseases, significant YLD from dental decay.

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17
Q

How does high salt intake affect health?

A

Increases blood pressure, causes calcium loss.

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18
Q

How does high salt intake contribute to burden of disease?

A

Higher DALY due to cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.

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19
Q

How does a low fibre intake affect health?

A

Increases risk of colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease.

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20
Q

How does low fibre intake contribute to burden of disease?

A

Higher DALY from colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease.

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21
Q

What are the risks of low iron intake?

A

Increased prevalence of anaemia, especially in females of childbearing age.

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22
Q

How does low iron intake contribute to burden of disease?

A

Higher YLD due to anaemia, particularly among women.

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23
Q

What is the definition of burden of disease?

A

The impact of disease and injury, measured in DALY.

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24
Q

What are key indicators of health status?

A

Life expectancy, morbidity, mortality, HALE, and prevalence/incidence of diseases.

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25
What biological factors influence health?
Genetics, body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, age, birthweight.
26
How does high blood cholesterol affect health?
Increases risk of atherosclerosis, heart disease, and stroke.
27
How does high blood pressure impact health?
Leads to hypertension, heart attack, and stroke.
28
Why is low birthweight a concern?
Increases risk of infant mortality and chronic diseases later in life.
29
What are key sociocultural factors affecting health?
Socioeconomic status, early life experiences, access to healthcare, social isolation, unemployment, social exclusion.
30
How does low SES impact health?
Increases risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and mental health issues.
31
How does social isolation affect health?
Increases risk of depression and self-harm.
32
What are key environmental factors influencing health?
Work environment, urban design, climate change, housing, geographical location.
33
How does a poor work environment affect health?
Increases risk of injuries, exposure to hazardous substances, and chronic stress.
34
How does geographical location impact health?
Limited access to healthcare and fresh food leads to higher rates of disease in rural areas.
35
What are key health variations between males and females?
Males have lower life expectancy, higher mortality rates, and greater risk of cardiovascular disease.
36
What biological factors contribute to health differences between males and females?
Males have higher obesity rates, hypertension, and testosterone-related risk-taking behaviors.
37
How does SES impact health disparities?
Lower SES groups have higher obesity, mental health issues, and mortality rates.
38
How does living in rural areas affect health?
Increased mortality and morbidity rates due to limited healthcare access.
39
What health conditions are associated with smoking?
Cardiovascular disease, lung/liver/pancreatic cancer, asthma, COPD, strokes, and infant health issues. ## Footnote Smoking damages blood vessels, increases plaque buildup, and exposes the body to carcinogens that cause cancer. It irritates airways, leading to respiratory diseases and restricts oxygen supply to the baby in pregnancy.
40
How does smoking contribute to Australia's burden of disease?
Increased YLL and YLD due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory illnesses.
41
What are the health concerns linked to alcohol consumption?
Weight gain, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, injuries, and mental health issues. ## Footnote Alcohol is high in kilojoules, damages liver cells, impairs judgment, and contributes to depression.
42
How does alcohol impact Australia’s burden of disease?
Higher YLL from alcohol-related deaths and increased YLD due to chronic conditions like liver disease and mental health disorders.
43
What conditions are linked to a high BMI?
Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, asthma, arthritis. ## Footnote Excess weight increases strain on the heart, leads to insulin resistance, and puts pressure on the lungs and joints.
44
How does high BMI contribute to burden of disease?
Increased DALY from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and musculoskeletal conditions.
45
What are the consequences of under-consuming vegetables?
Low fibre intake, reduced antioxidants, low folate intake. ## Footnote Low fibre leads to overeating; antioxidants protect cells; folate deficiency can cause neural tube defects.
46
How does under-consuming vegetables impact health status and burden of disease?
Higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and infant mortality; increased DALY due to neural tube defects.
47
What are the effects of under-consuming fruits?
Low fibre intake, fewer antioxidants. ## Footnote Low intake increases the risk of obesity and chronic diseases.
48
How does under-consuming fruits contribute to burden of disease?
Increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neural tube defects.
49
What are the effects of under-consuming dairy?
Low calcium intake, increased risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, and type 2 diabetes. ## Footnote Dairy provides calcium for bone strength and helps regulate blood pressure.
50
How does low dairy consumption impact burden of disease?
Higher YLD from osteoporosis, increased DALY due to chronic diseases.
51
How does a high fat intake impact health?
Leads to weight gain, atherosclerosis, and higher LDL cholesterol. ## Footnote Saturated and trans fats contribute to cholesterol buildup in arteries.
52
How does excessive fat intake contribute to burden of disease?
Increased DALY from obesity-related diseases, lower life expectancy.
53
What are the risks of high sugar intake?
Stored as fat, increases risk of dental decay. ## Footnote Excess sugar is converted into fat and feeds bacteria in the mouth.
54
How does high sugar intake impact burden of disease?
Increased YLL from obesity-related diseases, significant YLD from dental decay.
55
How does high salt intake affect health?
Increases blood pressure, causes calcium loss. ## Footnote High salt intake causes the body to retain water, straining the heart.
56
How does high salt intake contribute to burden of disease?
Higher DALY due to cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.
57
How does a low fibre intake affect health?
Increases risk of colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease. ## Footnote Fibre aids digestion and helps remove toxins.
58
How does low fibre intake contribute to burden of disease?
Higher DALY from colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease.
59
What are the risks of low iron intake?
Increased prevalence of anaemia, especially in females of childbearing age. ## Footnote Iron is needed to produce red blood cells, and deficiency impairs oxygen transport.
60
How does low iron intake contribute to burden of disease?
Higher YLD due to anaemia, particularly among women.
61
What is the definition of burden of disease?
The impact of disease and injury, measured in DALY, which includes YLL and YLD.
62
What are key indicators of health status?
Life expectancy, morbidity, mortality, HALE, and prevalence/incidence of diseases.
63
What biological factors influence health?
Genetics, body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, age, birthweight.
64
How does high blood cholesterol affect health?
Increases risk of atherosclerosis, heart disease, and stroke.
65
How does high blood pressure impact health?
Leads to hypertension, heart attack, and stroke.
66
Why is low birthweight a concern?
Increases risk of infant mortality and chronic diseases later in life.
67
What are key sociocultural factors affecting health?
Socioeconomic status, early life experiences, access to healthcare, social isolation, unemployment, social exclusion.
68
How does low SES impact health?
Increases risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and mental health issues.
69
How does social isolation affect health?
Increases risk of depression and self-harm.
70
What are key environmental factors influencing health?
Work environment, urban design, climate change, housing, geographical location.
71
How does a poor work environment affect health?
Increases risk of injuries, exposure to hazardous substances, and chronic stress.
72
How does geographical location impact health?
Limited access to healthcare and fresh food leads to higher rates of disease in rural areas.

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