hhri Flashcards
(13 cards)
neoliberalism definition
argues that economic development happens when the economy is allowed to operate with minimal interference from the government eg. promoting free trade, privatisation of state assets
gross domestic product (GDP) definition
total value of goods and services a country produces in a year
purchasing power parity (PPP) definition
compares the cost of items or services in different countries to compare the relative values of currencies
human capital definition
total amount of skills and knowledge that a country’s population has, and the contribution these make to the human development of the country
national sovereignty definition
the idea that each nation has a right to govern itself without interference from other nations
world bank - global partnership for education
-world bank is a founding member of the gpe
-invests money in developing countries to provide early years education for all children
-particular focus on the poorest and most disadvantaged children eg. girls, ethnic minorities, disabled children and children in areas affected by conflict
examples of SDGs
-no poverty
-zero hunger
-gender equality
-clean water and sanitation
-clean energy and climate action
universal declaration of human rights (UDHR)
-UDHR agreed after WW2
-states all humans have equal rights eg. right to life, right to freedom and right to education
-NOT legally binding
European convention on human rights (ECHR)
-also created in aftermath of WW2 between European countries
-many of same articles as UDHR, but also includes right to fair trial and right to not be discriminated against
-IS legally binding, so citizens who feel their rights have been infringed upon can bring a legal challenge to court
-Russia withdrew in 2022
uk human rights act 1998
-uk incorporated most of ECHR into its national law, so easier for citizens to defend their human rights eg. can bring challenge to court in UK rather than needing to go to european court of human rights
Geneva convention
-protects peoples rights during war and conflict, tries to regulate how war is carried out and minimises harm done to civilians and prisoners of war
-bans actions such as terrorism, taking hostages and sexual assault
-provided basis for the International criminal court (ICC) - holds trials for ppl accused of crimes that affect the international community eg. genocide, war crimes
-however, many cases dont get to the ICC as it is difficult to get enough evidence and not all countries that have signed the geneva convention are members of the ICC
trade embargos
-countries restrict or refuse to trade with the country until it stops human rights abuses
-eg. UN imposed embargo on oil and military supplies to south africa to pressurise its gov to stop racial segregation
superpowers judging the success of their aid
- access to resources - superpowers provide developing nations w infrastructure to help them exploit natural resources, giving them access to them at lower costs
- political support - if a country is accepting aid, it has incentive to support the superpower eg. voting for their ideas in UN meetings
- military alliance formation - use aid to encourage countries to commit to being the superpowers ally by joining a military alliance eg. NATO
