High Throughput Screening Assay

Question 1

Bioassay

Answer 1

It is any qualitative or quantitative analysis of a substance that uses a living system, such as an intact cell, as a component

Question 2

Bioassay broad categories

Answer 2

-Virtual screening
-Primary Bioassays
-Secondary Bioassays
-Preclinical Trials
-Clinical Trials

Question 3

Virtual and In Silicon Screening

Answer 3

-Ligand based or target based
-Target selection
-Screening of libraries of compounds virtually
-lead identification
-Prediction of structure-activity relationships
-it saves Time, money and efforts

Question 4

Primary Bioassays

Answer 4

-Non-physiological assays
-Biochemical or Mechanism based Assays
-Microorganism-based bioassays
-Cell-based or tissue based assays
-A hit rate of less than 1% is reasonable

Question 5

Secondary Bioassays

Answer 5

-Animal based assays
-Toxicological assessments in whole animals
-ADME studies
-Behaviour studies ( you can’t study effects on neurological activity on only one cell)
-Preclinical studies

Question 6

In Vitro Bioassays

Answer 6

-Experiment occurs outside the organism
-Biological or chemical work is done in test tube rather than in living systems
-It includes Toxicity Assays like MTT assay and cancer cell line assay

Question 7

In Vivo screenings

Answer 7

The test is performed in a living system such as antidiabetic assays, CNS assays and antihypertensive assays
-It includes:
animal toxicity( acute and chronic toixicity)
-Pre-clinical trials
-clinical trials

Question 8

HIT

Answer 8

A hit is a compound which has the desired activity in a compound screen and whose activity is a confirmed upon retesting

Question 9

Primary assay

Answer 9

Just checks if the drug works

Question 10

Secondary assays

Answer 10

Determine how drug works

Question 11

assay development

Answer 11

-Relevant
-Robust
-Reliability/Reproducibility
-Practicality/Feasibility
-cost
-Automation

Question 12

HTS technology

Answer 12

-Robotics
-Miniaturisation
-sophisticated assay chemistry
-sophisticated software and database

Question 13

Recent advances for HTs

Answer 13

‘Organ-on-a-chip’
Microchips lined by living human cells that could revolutionise drug development, disease modeling and personalized medicine.
If we can integrate all these chips in a system, we can imitate a physiological response