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USMLE: Step 1 > High-Yield Anatomy Concepts > Flashcards

High-Yield Anatomy Concepts Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Anastomosis responsible for esophageal varices

A

Between left gastric vein & azygos vein in lower esophagus

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2
Q

Anastomosis responsible for anorectal varices

A

Between superior rectal vein and middle & inferior rectal. veins

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3
Q

Nerve implicated in Bell’s palsy

A

Facial nerve
* Branches may be inadvertently severed during parotid surgeries

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4
Q

Ligaments that form lesser omentum

A

Hepatogastric & hepatoduodenal ligaments

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5
Q

Contents of lesser omentum

A
  • Hepatic artery proper
  • Portal vein
  • Common bile duct
  • Hepatic plexus
  • Local lymphatic structures
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6
Q

Mastectomy complications

A

Iatrogenic injury to long thoracic nerve or intercostobrachial nerve
* LT nerve –> winged scapula
* ICB nerve –> sensory loss to medial arm

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7
Q

Borders that define foramen of Winslow

A
  • Superior: caudate lobe of liver
  • Inferior: proximal duodenum
  • Dorsal: inferior vena cava
  • Ventral: hepatoduodenal ligament
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8
Q

Avascular necrosis of femoral head

A

Displacement of femoral head can tear medial circumflex femoral artery
* RFs: elderly, osteoporotic women

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9
Q

Location of Heberden’s nodes

A

Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Location of Bouchard’s nodes

A

Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints

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12
Q

Vessels forming scapular anastomoses

A

Can circumvent occusion in subclavian / axillary artery
* Subscapular artery
* Suprascapular artery
* Circumflex scapular artery
* Transverse cervical artery

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13
Q

Main bronchus implicated in foreign body aspiration

A

Right main bronchus
* Wider & steeper than left

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14
Q

Piriformis syndrome complication

A

Piriformis muscle is superficial to sciatic nerve
* Injury to piriformis can irritate sciatic nerve resulting in sciatica

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15
Q

Borders of popliteal fossa

A
  • Superomedial: lateral border of semimembranosus
  • Superolateral: medial border of biceps femoris
  • Inferomedial: lateral border of medial head of gastrocnemius
  • Inferolateral: medial border of lateral head of gastrocnemius
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16
Q

Superficial structures in popliteal fossa

A
  • Tibial nerve
  • Common peroneal nerve
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17
Q

Complication of Baker’s cyst of popliteal artery aneurysm

A

Tibial nerve compression
* Weak plantar flexion

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18
Q

Muscles responsible for upper limb abduction

A
  • 0 - 15 degrees: supraspinatus (rotator cuff)
  • Majority: deltoid
  • > 90 degrees: trapezius / serratus
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19
Q

Trendelenburg sign

A

Drooping of contralateral side of pelvis while walking
* Superior gluteal nerve injury –> gluteus medius & minimus weakness

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20
Q

Borders of subacromial bursa

A
  • Superior: acromion, coracoid, CA ligament, proximal deltoid fibers
  • Inferior: supraspinatus muscle

CA: coracoacromial

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21
Q

Location of abdominal aortic aneurysms

A

Bifurcation of aorta

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22
Q

Erb’s palsy

A

Arm is abducted & medially rotated at shoulder, extended at elbow

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23
Q

Nerves implicated in Erb’s palsy

A

Upper trunk: C5-C6 roots

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24
Q

Most common site of abscess formation in abdominopelvic cavity

A

Rectouterine pouch / pouch of Douglas
* Lowest point of peritoneal cavity in women –> fluids / pathogens likely to collect

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25
Boxer's fracture
5th metacarpal neck fracture * Commonly caused by punching something with closed fist
26
Indirect inguinal hernias
* Lateral to inferior epigastric vessels * Pass through both deep & superficial inguinal rings * Caused by failed closure of processus vaginalis
27
Direct inguinal hernias
* Medial to inferior epigastric vessels, medial to rectus abdominis * Only pass through superficial inguinal ring * Caused by acquired weakness of transversalis fascia
28
Complication of fibular neck fracture
Common peroneal nerve injury * Anterior & lateral leg muscle weakness (weak dorsiflexion) * Foot drop on physical exam
28
First structure penetrated by an abdominal hernia
Transversalis fascia
29
Injury associated with spleen laceration
Fracture of 9th or 10th rib
30
Location of varicoceles
Left testicle * Left testicular vein drains into left renal vein * Right testicular vein drains directly to IVC
31
Venous drainage to cavernous sinus
* Facial vein * Superior ophthalmic vein
32
Danger space
Region of neck from base of skull to posterior mediastinum * Infected via local spread from retropharyngeal space * Superior spread: carotid sheath * Inferior spread: posterior mediastinum
33
Contents of carotid sheath
* Internal carotid artery * Internal jugular vein * CNs: IX, X, XI, XII
34
Recurrent laryngeal nerves
Branches of vagus nerve that course proximally * Left RLN: loops around aortic arch * Right RLN: loops around right subclaviam artery
35
Complication of tympanic membrane rupture
Chorda tympani runs along posterior surface of tympanic membrane * Injury results in loss of taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue, secretory dysfunction of submandibular & sublingual glands
36
Most frequently enlarged lymph nodes in cervical chain
Jugulodigastric lymph nodes * Drain palatine tonsils * Located in deep belly of digastric, just anterior to internal jugular vein
37
Complication of palatine tonsillectomy
Glossopharyngeal nerve injury * Loss of taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
38
Complication of surgical neck humerus fracture
Axillary nerve injury
39
Complication of midshaft humerus fracture
Radial nerve injury
40
Complication of supracondylar humerus fracture
Median nerve injury
41
Complication of fall on outstretched hand / medial epicondyle injury
Ulnar nerve injury
42
Most common congenital anomaly of GI tract
Meckel diverticulum * Due to persistent vitelline duct
43
Hirschsprung disease
Congenital megacolon due to aplasia of enteric nerve plexuses in distal segment of colon * Absent parasympathetic ganglia * Associated with Down syndrome
44
Celiac trunk
Courses over superior aspect of pancreas before splitting into 3 retroperitoneal branches: 1. Left gastric artery 2. Common hepatic artery 3. Splenic artery
45
Complication of cholecystectomy
Inadvertent ligation of right hepatic artery * Can cause right liver necrosis
46
Complication of splenectomy
Inadvertent removal of pancreatic tail * Intraperitoneal in close proximity to spleen * Causes diabetes
47
Internal hemorrhoids
* Location: above pectinate line * Drainage: superior rectal vein --> portal vein * Innervation: visceral --> painless
48
External hemorrhoids
* Location: below pectinate line * Drainage: inferior rectal vein --> IVC * Innervation: somatic --> painful
49
Complication of hysterectomy
Inadvertent damage to ureter * Ureter runs just posterior to uterine artery
50
Site of prostate cancer metastasis
Metastasizes primarily to vertebrae * Due to sacral veins connecting prostatic venous plexus & vertebral venous plexus
51
Parts of Fallopian tube
* Ampulla: site of fertilization * Isthmus: narrowest portion * Infundibulum: receives oocye from ovary
52
Epidural hematoma
Rupture of middle meningeal artery * CT: biconvex / lens-shaped
53
Subdural hematoma
Rupture of dural bridging veins * CT: crescent-shaped
54
Brain region involved in HSV encephalitis
Medial temporal lobes * Classically results in altered taste / smell
55
Arteries involved in anterior nosebleeds
Kiesselbach's plecus * Sphenopalatine artery * Greater palatine artery * Superior labial artery * Anterior ethmoidal artery
56
Arteries involved in posterior nosebleeds
Woodruff's plexus * Sphenopalatine artery * Ascending pharyngeal artery
57
Visual changes in temporal arteritis
Due to inflammation involving ophthalmic artery
58
Tumor associated with myasthenia gravis
Thymoma
59
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Lymphatic drainage from below umbilicus * Exceptions: gonads, dorsolateral foot
60
Popliteal lymph nodes
Lymphatic drainage from dorsolateral foot
61
Para-aortic lymph nodes
Lymphatic drainage from gonads, kidneys, fallopian tubes
62

USMLE: Step 1 (2 decks)

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