High Yield Facts Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Cancer associated with Rosenthal Fibers
A
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
2
Q
Cancer associated with necrosis and pseudopalisading cells
A
Glioblastoma Multiforme
3
Q
Cancer associated with “fried-egg” appearing cells
A
Oligodendroglioma
4
Q
Cancer associated with perivascular pseudorosettes
A
Ependymoma
5
Q
Cancer typically found at the spinal cord or 4th ventricle which may cause hydrocephalus
A
Ependymoma
6
Q
Small round blue cell cancer with Homer-Wright Rosettes
A
Medulloblastoma
7
Q
Cancer which may have drop-metastasis to the spinal cord
A
Medulloblastoma
8
Q
Cancer with true rosettes
A
Retinoblastoma
9
Q
Cancer with a dural tail
A
Meningioma
10
Q
Cancer with psomamma bodies
A
Meningioma
11
Q
5 tumors that commonly metastasize to the brain
A
Lung, Breast, Melanoma, GI and Renal
12
Q
3 tumors that may hemorrhage
A
Renal, Melanoma and Choriocarcinoma
13
Q
Disease associated with the PMP22 Gene
A
CMT-Type I
14
Q
Which form of CMT is Autosomal Recessive instead of AD?
A
CMT-Type III (infantile)
15
Q
Deficiency resulting in numbness + neuropathic pain + gait disturbances
A
B12 (cobalamin)
16
Q
Excess of what vitamin can cause sensory neuropathy?
A
B6 (pyridoxine)
17
Q
Clinical tests to evaluate carpal tunnel
A
Phalens and Tinnels Signs
18
Q
Most common peripheral neuropathy
A
Diabetic Neuropathy
19
Q
Drugs used to treat the neuropathic pain caused by diabetes
A
TCAs, Anticonvulsants, Capscaisin
20
Q
CSF finding is Guillain Barré
A
Cytoalbumic dissociation (high protein)
21
Q
Disease presenting with ophthalmoplegia + ataxia + facial weakness + dysarthria
A
Miller-Fisher Variant of GBS
22
Q
Disease associated with Anti-GQIB antibodies
A
Miller-Fisher Variant of GBS
23
Q
Disease associated with onion bulbing of nerves
A
CIDP
24
Q
Nerve pathology seen in CIDP
A
Interstitial and perivascular infiltration of the endoneurium with macrophages and T Cells
25
Immunosuppressants used to treat CIDP
Steroids, Azathioprine, Mycophenolate and Cytoxan
26
Cause of dementia in ALS
Loss of prefrontal cortex neurons
27
Medication that improves ALS by 3 months
Riluzole
28
Permanent features of optic neuritis
Color desaturation and afferent pupillary defect
29
CSF findings of Oligoclonal banding, high IgG:Albumin ratio and increased IgG synthesis rate indicate
Multiple Sclerosis
30
Oral MS therapies
Fingolimod, Teriflunomide and Dimethyl Fumarate
31
MS drug associated with flu like symptoms
Interferon Beta
32
MS drug associated with injection site rxn + flushing + dyspnea + chest tightness
Glatiramer
33
MS drug that works by sequestering lymphocytes in lymph nodes
Fingolimod
34
MS drug associated with bradycardia and hypotension after first dose
Fingolimod
35
MS drug associated with HA, diarrhea, cough and lymphopenia
Fingolimod
36
MS drug that inhibits pyrimidine synthesis in lymphocytes to block proliferation of B and T cells
Teriflunomide
37
MS drug associated with teratogenicity, hepatotoxicity and resetting the hair cycle (alopecia)
Teriflunomide
38
MS drug that activates Nrf2 pathway involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress
Dimethyl Fumarate
39
MS drug associated with flushing + diarrhea and nausea + 20% decrease in lymphocytes
Dimethyl Fumarate
40
MS drug that is a monoclonal AB against alpha-4 integrin and blocks leukocyte trafficking across BBB
Natalizumab
41
MS drug that increases risk of PML
Natalizumab
42
MS drug that inhibits CD52
Alemtuzimab
43
MS drug associated with infusion rxn + thyroid disease + ITP + Goodpastures
Alemtuzimab
44
Disease associated with demyelination of the optic nerves or spinal cord
Neuromyelitis Optica
45
Disease associated with IgG antibody to the Aquaporin 4 Cl Channel
Neuromyelitis Optica
46
Treatment for Neuromyelitis Optica
Rituximab
47
Drug that binds CD20 to induce B cell apoptosis
Rituximab
48
Treatment of spasticity in MS
Baclofen, Benzos and Tizandine
49
Treatment of neuropathic pain in MS
TCAs, AEDs and SNRIs
50
Treatment for a MS patient who cannot empty bladder
Alpha blockers (Tamsulosin) + catheters
51
Treatment for a MS patient who cannot hold urine in bladder
Schedule voiding + decrease diuretics + botox + anticholinergics (oxybutynin)
52
CBV and MTT in the core vs penumbra
CBV- low in core, normal in penumbra
| MTT- increased in both core and penumbra
53
4 Absolute requirements for giving tPA
1. Ischemic stroke within 3hrs
2. NIHSS deficit
3. CT rules out hemorrhage
4. Age > 18
54
Blood pressure level that is absolute contraindication for tPA
> 185/110
55
Dominant hemisphere anterior stroke findings
Gaze preference + aphasia
56
Non-Dominant hemisphere anterior stroke findings
Gaze preference + neglect
57
Posterior stroke findings
Vertigo, diplopia, dysconjugate gaze and crossed track findings
58
4 brain structures not sensitive to pain
1. Ventricles
2. Choroid
3. Parenchyma
4. Small dural veins
59
Region of the brain that when stimulated leads to migraine like pain
Dorsal Raphe Nucleus (Serotonin)
60
Does common migraine have an associated aura?
No
61
Does classic migraine have an associated aura?
Yes
62
Type of migraine with a very pronounced aura that may resemble a stroke
Complicated Migraine
63
Condition presenting as occipital pain + vertigo + ataxia + diplopia + dysarthria
Basilar Migraine
64
Severe HA disease presenting w/ blindness + vertigo + ataxia + tinnitus
Bickerstaff's Migraine
65
What are the abortive treatments for migraines
1. NSAIDS
2. 5HT Agonists (Triptans/Ergots)
3. Dopamine Antagonists (Metaclopramide and Prochlorperazine)
4. OCT combo medications
66
Which triptan is fast acting
Sumatriptan
67
Which triptan has slow onset and is long lasting
Frovatriptan
68
What are the prophylactic drugs for migraines
1. Beta Blockers (Propranolol or Atenolol)
2. Ca++ Channel Blockers (Verapamil)
3. TCAs (Amytriptyline or Nortriptyline)
4. Broad Spectrum AEDs (DPK, Topiramate, Gabapentin, Leviteracetam)
5. Serotonergic Drugs (Cyproheptadine)
69
Likely origin of a cluster HA
Hypothalamus
70
Acute treatment of a cluster HA
Oxygen and Sumatriptan
71
Prophylactic treatment of a cluster HA
Steroids, Ca++ Channel Blocker (Verapamil)
72
Which HA condition has bilateral pain?
Tension HA
73
Which HA disease is never associated with nausea or vomiting?
Tension HA
74
Prophylactic treatment for Tension HA
1. TCAs (Amitriptyline)
| 2. AEDs (Gabapentin)
75
What is the treatment for Alzheimer's?
Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Tacrine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine and Galantamine) + Nemenda + Vitamin E
76
Disease associated with atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes
Pick's Disease
77
Where are Pick bodies found
Cytoplasmic inclusions in the cortex, basal ganglia and brainstem
78
Disease associated with fluctuating attention and visual hallucinations
Dementia with Lewy Body
79
Region of the brain atrophied in PSP
Pons and Midbrain
80
Disease associated with asymmetric parietal lobe atrophy and degeneration of the substantia nigra
Cortical Basal Ganglionic Degeneration
81
Dementia associated with BL babinski and increased DTRs
Cortical Basal Ganglionic Degeneration
82
Disease associated with "alien hand" finding
Cortical Basal Ganglionic Degeneration
83
Disease associated with decreased GABA and Cholinergic neurons in the striatum
Huntington's Disease
84
Caudate + Cortical atrophy is seen in
Huntington's Disease
85
Treatment for Huntington's Disease
Haldol, Tetrabenazine and Klonapin
86
Chromosome associated with Huntington's
Chromosome 4
87
Disease associated with a CAG repeat
Huntington's Disease
88
Disease associated with red discoloration of the basal ganglia
Wilson's Disease
89
Disease associated with degeneration of the lenticular nuclei and spongy degeneration and cavitation in the putamen
Wilson's Disease
90
What are Opalski Cells?
Large astrocytes seen in Wilson's Disease
91
Genetics of Wilson's Disease
AR, Chromosome 13
92
Disease causing occipital degeneration
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
93
Disease causing thalamic and olivary nucleus gliosis
Fatal Familial Insomnia
94
Dementia + Ataxia + Myoclonus indicated
Sporadic CJD
95
14-3-3 EEG pattern is associated with
Sporadic CJD
96
FLAIR MRI showing bilateral anterior BG High Signal is seen with
Sporadic CJD
97
FLAIR MRI showing bilateral Pulvinar Sign
New Variant CJD
98
How does New Variant CJD differ from the Sporadic form
Earlier Psychosis
99
Disease associated with the NOTCH3 Gene
CADASIL
100
Genetics of CADASIL
Autosomal Dominant, Ch 19
