high-yield facts

Question 1

Which muscle controls eye opening?

Answer 1

Muller’s muscle

- 3rd nerve

Question 2

Which muscle controls eye closing?

Answer 2

Orbicularis oculi

- 7th nerve

Question 3

Give features of Horner syndrome

Answer 3

ptosis, myosis, ipsilateral anhydrosis

Question 4

Where does the orbital septum lie?

Answer 4

posterior to orbicularis oculi muscle

Question 5

Where is inflammation located in orbital cellulitis?

Answer 5

posterior to septum

Question 6

Where are tears produced?

Answer 6

lacrimal fossa

Question 7

Where do tears drain?

Answer 7

lacrimal punctum

Question 8

Which nerve is required for reflex tear production?

Answer 8

trigeminal

Question 9

Which nerve tells brain that tears needed ?

Answer 9

5th nerve

Question 10

Which nerve controls tear production?

Answer 10

7th nerve

Question 11

Which type of conjunctiva lines

a) the inner surface of the eyelid?
b) eyeball?

Answer 11

a) palpebral

b) bulbar

Question 12

Which type of conjunctiva is more vascular?

Answer 12

palpebral

Question 13

What type of secretions are seen in viral conjunctivitis?

Answer 13

thick, watery

Question 14

What type of secretions are seen in bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 14

yellow/green

Question 15

Which type of conjunctivitis has a very red eye?

Answer 15

bacterial

Question 16

Give the layers of the cornea

Answer 16

Epithelium
Bowman's membrane
Stroma
Descement's membrane
Endothelium

Question 17

Which layer of the cornea maintains transparency?

Answer 17

endothelium

–> pumps fluid out of stroma

Question 18

What attaches the lens to the ciliary body?

Answer 18

zonules

- dec in tension allows for near focusing

Question 19

What makes up the uvea?

Answer 19

the iris, ciliary body and choroid

Question 20

What is the role of the uvea?

Answer 20

• absorbing reflected light

- nutritional support to eye structures

Question 21

How is aqueous humour produced?

Answer 21

produced by filtration of blood at the ciliary processes and active secretion

Question 22

Describe the path of aqueous humour

Answer 22

flows from posterior to anterior chamber and drains into the canal of Schlemm and trabecular meshwork

Question 23

What are cells in the aqueous and flare signs of?

Answer 23

Uveitis

Question 24

What are the elements that make up accomodation reflex?

Answer 24

convergence, pupillary constriction and contraction of ciliary muscle

Question 25

What does contraction of the ciliary muscle cause?

Answer 25

decreases tension on zonule fibres

Question 26

When do we use accommodation?

Answer 26

looking at something up close

Question 27

Which ocular muscles does the third nerve NOT control?

Answer 27

lateral rectus | superior oblique

Question 28

Aneurysm in which vessel leaves the third nerve vulnerable?

Answer 28

posterior communicating artery

Question 29

Which nerve supplies afferent arm of corneal reflex?

Answer 29

trigeminal

Question 30

Which nerve supplies motor innervation to lateral rectus?

Answer 30

CNVI (abducens)

Question 31

When can abducens nerve palsy occur?

Answer 31

Raised ICP

Question 32

What arises from the common tendinous ring?

Answer 32

the rectus muscles

Question 33

Why does optic neuritis cause pain on eye movements?

Answer 33

optic nerve sheath is attached to the common tendinous ring

Question 34

Where are cones found in higher density?

Answer 34

over the fovea

Question 35

What supplies blood to the outer layers of the retina?

Answer 35

choroid

Question 36

Describe the venous drainage of the eye

Answer 36

the superior opthalmic vein leaves the eye via the superior orbital fissure and the vein then drains into the cavernous sinus

Question 37

Which wall of the orbit is most vulnerable to blunt trauma?

Answer 37

inferior wall

Question 38

Which structures pass through the supraorbital notch?

Answer 38

supraorbital nerve and vessels