High Yield Neurology Flashcards
(140 cards)
1
Q
Who usually gets MS
A
young aged 20-40
2
Q
Risk factor for MS
A
Northern climates, vitamin D deficiency
3
Q
Acute MS treatment
A
steroids
4
Q
clinical presentation of MS
A
- extraocular movement pain
- optic disc swelling
- progressive vision loss
5
Q
Abnormal LP in MS
A
- oligoclonal banding
- high IgG/albumin ration
- increased IgG synthesis rate
6
Q
Side effects of Beta interferon
A
- malaise, myalgias
7
Q
2 traditional agents for MS
A
- Beta intergeron
- Glatiramer
8
Q
more efficacious: high dose interferon (rebif) and low dose interferon ( avonex)
A
Rebif
9
Q
Glatiramer same efficacy as
A
interferon Rebif
10
Q
Side effect of Gilenya
A
headache
11
Q
warning with Teriflunomide
A
Teratogenicity
12
Q
Dimethyl fumarate side effects
A
flushing, diarrhea, nausea
13
Q
What drug causes risk for progressive Multifocal leukodystrophy
A
Natalizumab
14
Q
primary progessive MS?
A
MS that fails to respond to disease modifying therapy
15
Q
Sudden loss of vision or weakness in one or both eyes, and loss of sensation and bladder function
A
Neuromyeltis Optica (Devic’s disease)
16
Q
Antibody to aquaporin4 chloride channel
A
Neuromyeltis Optica (Devic’s disease)
17
Q
Treatment for Neuromyeltis Optica ( Devic’s disease)
A
Rituxumab
18
Q
3 treatment options for spacitiry
A
- Baclofen
- Benzodiapzepines
- Tizadine
19
Q
3 classes for neuropathic pain
A
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Anticonvulsants
- SNRI
20
Q
Cognitive dysfunction treatment MS
A
- Methylphenidates
- Amphatimine
21
Q
Secondary progressive MS
A
sustained build up of disability, independent of any relapses
22
Q
3 types of astrocytomas
A
- pilocytic
- anaplastic
- glioblastoma
23
Q
Rosenthal fibers
A
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
24
Q
higher grade astrocytomas that have more cells than normal,
evidence of mitoses, and abnormal appearing nuclei
A
Anaplastic astrocytoma
25
microscopic features of Glioblastoma
- necrosis
| - pseudopalasiding appearance
26
Location of Oligodendrogliomas and clinical appearance
supratentorial
| - seizure
27
Histo: Fried eggs
Oligodendrogliomas
28
Ependymomas location
infra- or supra tentorial
29
pathology of Ependymomas
hydrocephalus caused by the tumor obstructing
the fourth ventricle
-worst in the morning
- associated with vision changes
30
perivascular pseudorosettes: micro
Ependymomas
31
“small round blue cell tumors
PNET
32
Small round blue cells and Homer-Wright Rosettes
Medulloblastoma
33
location of Medulloblastoma
cerebellum
34
true rosettes
Retinoblastoma
35
Treatment for Prolactom
Bromocriptine
36
Clinical feature for Prolatcoma
headaches and vision impairment (bi-temporal
| hemianopsia)
37
Meningioma arises from what
arachnoid cells
38
psammoma bodies
Meningioma
39
dural tail
Meningioma
40
Tumors that mets to brain
```
lung
breast
melenoma
GI
renal
```
41
hemmorage mets to brain
renal
melanoma
choriocarcinoma
42
inheritance for CMT 1 demyelinating
autsomal dominant
43
mutation in peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP22)
CMT type 1 demyelinating
44
high arches and hammer toes
CMT type 1 demyelintating
45
CMT type 1 don't complain of what
sensation
46
inheritance for CMT type 2 axonal
autosomal dominant
47
difference b/w CMT 1 and 2
2 slower progression
48
CMT type 3 ( Dejerine-Sottas Disease)
autosomal recessive
49
what vitamin toxicity causes neuropathy
Pyridoxine (B6)
50
muscles weekend in carpal tunnel
- abductor pollicis brevis
| - oppnonens pollicis
51
lumbar puncture for G.B.
cytoablumic dissociation
52
Treatment for Guillian Barre
- intravenous gamma-globulin
- plasma exchange
OR
53
Miller Fisher Varient of GBS
- facial weakness
- dysarthria
- GQ1B antibodies
54
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) clinical features
Autonomic system dysfunction can occur; in such a case, the patient would complain of orthostatic dizziness, problems with bowel and bladder functions, and cardiac problems
55
inherited form of ALS
Super Oxide Dismutase
56
treatment ALS
Rilutek
57
3 normal phsyciologic levels of consciousness
- awake
- NREM sleep
- REM sleep
58
2 independent forces impact sleep
- circadian rhythm
| - sleep debt
59
No effort to breath, no air movement
central sleep apnea
60
effort to breath, no air movement
obstructive sleep apnea
61
2 symptoms associated with sleep apnea
1. nocturia
| 2. nocturnal GERD
62
Cataplexy is present in what narcolepsy
type 1
63
Role of Hypcretin 1
stimulates wafeullness and suppreses REM sleep
64
Tetrad for narcolepsy
- sleep attacks
- hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations
- sleep paralysis
- cateplexy
65
treatment for cataplexy
- sodium oxybate ( both cataplexy and exessive daytime sleepiness)
- SSRI
66
treatment for sleepiness for narcolepsy
Modafanil
amphetamines
atomexetine
67
Most common neuromuscular junction diseae
myasthenia gravis
68
Myasthenia gravis is associated with what other organ
thymus
69
who gets myasthenia gravis
bimodal: teens-20 and 50-70
70
fatigable weakness and fatigable weakness
myasthenia gravis
71
Gold standard for myasthenia gravis
anti-acetylcholine receptor
72
anti-muscle specefic tyrosine kinase seen in
generalized MG
| - clusters AchR
73
what test is associated with thymoma
anti-striated muscle
74
Repepative nerve stimulation for myasthenia gravis
starts lower than normal
75
short term immunosuppresant therapy for myasthenia gravis
- plasma exchange
| - IV immunoglobin
76
chemo drugs for long term MA drugs
- Azathiprine
| - mycophenolate
77
Lamber Eaton associated with
Small cell lung cancer
78
metallic taste: MA or Lambert eaton
lambert eaton
79
improves with exercise: LE or MA
LE
80
Most common movement disorder
Parkinson
81
second most common neurodegenerative disorder
Alzheimer disease
82
Ropiranole
Dopamine agonists
83
Rasageline and Selegiline
MAO -B inhibitors
84
MAO-B inhibtors
Rasageline and Selegiline
85
COMT inhibitors
Entacapone
86
What drug lowers motor progression in Parkinson
MAO-B
87
Progressive Supranuclear palsy
- downward gaze before upward
| - fall backwards
88
3 Huntingonts treatment
- Tetrabenazine
- SSRI
- Antipsychotics
89
What improves essential tremors
alcohol
90
Treatment of ET
propranolol
- beta blocker
2. Primidone
91
what type of seizure may not be recorded on EEG
frontal lob
92
infancy syndromes that cause epilepsy
- West syndrome
| - Dravet syndrome
93
Metabolic that causes epilepsy
- hypernatremia
| - DKA
94
triad of infantile spasm
- electrographic picture of Hipsarrythmia
- spasms
- psychomotor development arrest
95
txt infantile spasm
- ACTH,
| - Pyridoxine
96
Etiologies of infantile spasms
-Downs, PKU, TS
97
risk Valproate
teratogencity
98
risk for Lamotrigine
rash
99
risk Levetiracetam
- irriatble mood
100
Topiramate risk
fluency and cognition
101
risk Phenobarbital
respiratory depression
102
: Seizure frequency increase during certain phases of the menstrual cycle
catamenial epilespy
103
Estrogen and seizure
estrogen lowers seizure threshold
104
1st line for status epilecptisu
Bezodiazepine
105
2nd line for status epilepticus
IV load of fosphenytoin
| valprioc acid, levetiracetam, lacosamide
106
3rd line status epilectisu
IV Midazolam or thipental
107
Valprioc acid and HIV
reduction Zidovudine
108
phenytoin and HIV
increase doase of Lopinarvir and ritonavir
109
4 drugs lower seizure threshold
Wellbutrin
Tramadol
Pseudophedrine
Levaquine
110
seziure drugs and bone
lower bone density
111
Muscle biopsy for Duchenne shows
marcophage
| necrotic muscle fiber
112
Duchene type of mutation
out of frame
113
Becker type of mutation
in frame mutation
114
txt duchenne
steroids
115
inheritance for Facioscapulohumoral muscular dystrophy
AD
116
myotonic dystrophy 1 and 2 location
1: distal weakness
2: proximal weakness
117
CTG repeats in DMPK gene
myotonic dystrophy 1
118
CCTG repeats in zinc finger protein 9 gene
myotonic dystrophy2
119
other organs myotonic dystrophy 1
cardiac conduction
| cataracts
120
defect in sarcolemmal protein
limb gridle
121
musclar disease with contracture
Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
122
OPMD inheritance
AD
123
GCG and GCA expansion
OPMD
124
Polymyositis presention
quick onset proximal weakness
125
Inclusion body myositis presentation
slow onset proximal and distal weakness
| - finger/wrist flexors, quads, hip
126
Abortive/rescure therapy for migranes
- NSAIDS
- 5HT1 agonsts (Triptans ergots)
- Dopamine antagonists ( metoclopramide, prochlorperazine)
- Acetaminphen, ASA, caffeine
- Acetaminophen, butalbital, caffeine
- Acetaminphen Isometheptene, dichloraphenzone
127
when is prophylactic used in migranes
3 times per month
128
drugs for prophylactic migranes
- beta blockres
- calcium channel bockers
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- anticonvulsants
- Serotonergic
129
cluster headache
servere unilateral stabbing perioribtal or temporal pain
130
acute txt cluster
oxygen
| triptans
131
prophylacitc cluster
onset of cluster
- steroids
- calcium channel blocker
132
most prevalent headache
tenson
133
tension headaceh
squeezing or pressure around head
| - never associated with nausea or vomiting
134
abortive tension
NSAIDS
| acetaminophen
135
prophylaxis tension
- tricyclic
| - antiepiletict
136
obese young female, tetracycline, oral contraceptives, hypervitaminosis A
idiopathic intracrainial hypertension
137
ACh important in cognition
good for memory
138
location of earliest damage in alzheimer
Hippocampus
139
FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA: CRITERIA
language and behavior
140
Rimmed vaculoes and amyloid depsositon
Inclusion body Myositits
