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High Yield Powerpoint Flashcards

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1
Q

Zidovudine SE

A

GI, leukopenia, macrocytic anemia

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2
Q

Didanosine

A

Pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy

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3
Q

Abacavir

A

HS rash, fever, n/v, muscle aches, SOB in 1st 6 weeks.

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4
Q

Indinavir

A

Nephrolithiasis and hyperbilirubinermia

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5
Q

Efavirenz

A

sleepy, confused, psycho

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6
Q

HIV PCP Pneumonia

A

elevated LDH, Dx with bronchoscopy w/ BAL to visual bug, Tx with Trim-sulfa and add steroids when 35

Prophylaxis Bactrim when CD

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7
Q

HIV Diarrhea causes

A

*CMV, MAC, Cryptosporidium (all CD

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8
Q

HIV neuro:

Multiple ring enhancing lesions

A

Toxo

or consider CNS lymphoma if one ring enhancing lesion

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9
Q

HIV neuro:

Seizure with de ja vu aura and 500 RBS in CSF

A

HSV encephalitis

Acyclovir

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10
Q

HIV neuro

meningitis

A

crypto
+india ink
ampho IV

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11
Q

HIV neuro

hemisensory loss, visual impairment, Babinski

A

PML, JC virus. Brain biopsy

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12
Q

Target rash, fever, VII palsy, meningitis, AV block

A

Lyme,
Tx Doxy
HEart or CNS IV ceftriaxone

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13
Q

Rash @ ankles and wrists (palms and soles), fever, HA

A

Rickettsia

Tx: Doxy

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14
Q

Tick bite, no rash, myalgia, fever, HA, dec plts and WBC, inc ALT

A

Ehrlichiosis

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15
Q

Immune suppressed, cavitary lung dx, weight loss, fever. aerobic branching partially acid fast

A

Nocardia

Tx: bactrim

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16
Q

Hypocalemia sx

A

Chvostek or Troussaeu, Prolonged QT interval

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17
Q

Hypercalemia sx

A

bones, stones, groans, psycho, shortened QT

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18
Q

HypoKalemia EKG signs

A

ST depressions, U waves

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19
Q

HyperKalemia EKG signs

A

Peaked T waves, prolonged, PR and QRS, sine waves

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20
Q

Conn’s

A

Hyperaldosteronism:
Hypertension, metabolic alkalosis. Urine chloride >20

If no hypertension, think Barter’s or Gittlemans

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21
Q

AKI definition

A

> 25% or 0.5 rise in Cr over baseline

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22
Q

Painless hematuria

A

Bladder/Kidney cancer or hemorrhagic cystitis

cyclophosphamide

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23
Q

RBC casts, dysmorphic red cells

A

glomerular source

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24
Q

Nephritic Syndrome

A

Proteinuria, hematuria, edema, and azotemia

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25
Hematuria 1-2 days of runny nose, sore throat, cough
IgA nephropathy
26
Hematuria 1-2 weeks after sore throat or skin infection
Post Stret GN smoky/cola urine best 1st test is ASO titer. Subepithelial IgG humps
27
Hematuria + hemoptysis
Goodpasture's syndrome. Abs to collagen IV
28
Hematuria and deafness
Alport syndrome. | mutation in collagen IV
29
Kid with URI + renal failure + abd pain, arthralgia and purpural
Henoch-Schonlein purpura. IgA. Supportive tx +/- steroids
30
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Kid with URI + renal failure + abd pain, arthralgia and purpural
31
Kid s/p hamburger and diarrhea w renal failure, MAHA and petechiae
HUS. | Don't treat with Abx!!
32
Cardiac patient s/o ticlopidine w renal failure, MAHA, thrombocytopenia, fever, and AMS
TTP | Tx plasmaphoresis.
33
c-ANCA, kidney, lung, and sinus involvement
Wegener's granulomatosis. | Tx steroids or cyclophosphamide
34
p-ANCA, renal faure, asthma, and eosinophilia
Churg Strauss, Lung bx. Tx cyclophosphamide
35
p-ANCA, Hep B, no lung involvment
polyarteritis nodosa. affects small/med arteries of every organ except the lung. tx. with cyclophosphamide
36
Flank pain radiating to groin + hematuria
kidney stones
37
most common type of kidney stone
Ca Oxalate | Tx: HCT
38
Flank pain radiating to groin + hematuria with chronic indwelling foley and alkaline pee
Mg/Al/PO4 struvite. | proteus, staph, pseudomonas, klebsiella (amonnia producing organisms)
39
Flank pain radiating to groin + hematuria and being treated by chemo
uric acid. | tx by alkalinzing urine + hydration
40
tx for stones >2cm
open or endoscopic surgical removal.
41
tx for stones 5mm-2cm
extracorporal shock wave lithotropsy
42
Patient is being protein, first test
repeat test | then quantify with 24hr urine
43
Definition of nephrotic syndrome
>3.5g/day protein, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia (Fatty/waxy casts)
44
MC cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults
Membranous Glomerulonephropathy
45
Nephrotic syndrome + heroin use and HIV
Focal segmental | mesangial IgM deposits
46
Nephrotic syndrome with hepatitis and low complement
membranoproliferative | tram track BM with subendothelial deposits
47
Nephrotic syndrome + flank pain
Suspect renal vein thrombosis 2/2 to urinary ATIII, protein C, and S loss. Do CT or U/S stat
48
Bence Jones
Multiple myeloma kidney
49
Target cells
Alpha and Beta Thalassemia
50
Sideroblastic anemia
B6, pyridoxine | Increased Fe, Increased ferritin, Decreased TIBC
51
Increased homocysteine but normal MMA
Folic Acid
52
Increased homocysteine and increased MMA
B12
53
Hemolytic anemia with cyanosis of fingers, ears, nose + mono, mycoplasma infx
cold agglutinins. Destruction in liver. IgM mediated. Tx. by avoiding cold temperatures. rituximab
54
Hemolytic anemia after PCN, ceph, sulfas, rifampin, or cancer
warm agglutinins. Destruction in spleen | Tx: steroids, if refractory --> splenectomy
55
Hemolytic anemia with splenomegaly, +FH, bilirubin gallstones, increased MCHC
hereditary spherocytosis. | Tx: splenectomy
56
Hemolytic anemia + dark urine in AM, Budd-Chiari syndrome
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria. | Defect in PIG-A. Lysis by complement. Incr risk for aplastic anemia
57
Heinz bodies
G6PD Deficiency
58
Bite cells
G6PD Deficiency
59
30 y/o F recurrent epistaxis, heavy menses & petechiae. ↓plts only
ITP. Tx w/ prednisone 1st. Then, splenectomy. IVIG if
60
20 y/o F recurrent epistaxis, heavy menses, petechiae, normal plts, ↑ bleeding time and PTT
VWD | DDAVP for bleeding or pre-op. Replace factor VIII (contains vWF) if bleeding continues.
61
What do you test for DIC?
D-Dimer and fibrin split products, decreased fibrinogen
62
HIT
IgG to heparin
63
+VDRL
Lupus Anticoagulant
64
Renal Vein Thrombosis
Nephrotic Syndrome
65
Psoriatic Arthritis
DIP joint involvement, rash w/ silvery scale on elbows and knees, pitting nails and swollen fingers.
66
Most sensitive for SLE
anti-dsDNA or Anti-Smith
67
Drug induced lupus antibody (hydralazine)
Anti-histone
68
Sjogren's Antibody
Anti-Ro (SSA) or Anti-La (SSB)
69
Crest syndrome antibody
anti-centromere
70
Systemic Sclerosis
Anti-Scl-70, Anti-topoisomerase
71
Mixed connective tissue disease
Anti-RNP
72
2 tests for RA
RF (against Fc of IgG) | Anti-CCP (cyclic citrullinated peptide)
73
Erythema Nodosum
IBD, Becets, Sarcoidosis
74
Necrolytic migratory erythema
glucogonoma
75
Actinic Keratosis
Precursor lesion to SCC. | Tx with 5FU or excision
76
Hormones lost in hypopituitarism
1. FSH and LH 2 GR 3 TSH 4 ACTH
77
Tx of nephrognic DI
HCTZ/Amiloride
78
Graves disease treatment
1st: propranolol | 2st PTU/MTZ
79
Tx of thyroid storm
PTU + Iodine + propanolol
80
Most common tyroid cancer
papillary
81
psammoma bodies
papillary thyroid cancer
82
MEN I
hyperpituitary, hyperparathyroid, pancreas (zollinger ellison),
83
MEN IIa
Pheochromocytoma, hyperparathyroid, medullary thyroid cancer
84
How to treat prolactinoma
bromocriptine or cabergoline
85
Which organ is cushing's DISEASE?
Pituitary Adenoma
86
Symptoms of cushing's syndrome
hypertension, metabolic alkalosis, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, proximal muscle weakness, osteoporosis, DM
87
urine and plasma free metanephrines
pheochromocytoma
88
adrenal adenomas
observe with Ct scans q6mo
89
perioral numbness
hypocalcemia
90
MEN IIb
Pheochromocytoma, Medullary thyroid, Marfans
91
Contraindications to TPA in stroke patients
stroke w/in 3mo, surg w/in 2 wks, LP w/in 1 wk
92
Tx of subarachnoid hemorrhage
minodipine to reduce ischemic stroke from vasospasm
93
How do you treat status epilepticus
Lorazepam + PD of phenytoin. | Then Phenobarbitol.
94
3 Hx spike and wave
absence
95
triphasic bursts
CJD
96
diffuse background slowing
delirium
97
hypsarrhythmia
infantile spasms
98
Unilateral pounding headache with jaw claudication
temporal arteritis can lead to blindness. associated with polymyalgia rheumatica
99
Myasthenia gravis acute and chronic tx
Acute: IVIG or plasmaphoresis. Chronic: Pyridostigmine, GC/azathioprine, thymectomy Avoid aminoglycosides & beta blockers
100
HIV dysphagia
candida, CMV, HSV
101
Dysphagia worse with hot and cold liquids + chest pain that feels like MI w no regugitation Also, how do you tx?
Diffuse esophageal spasm. | Tx CCB or nitrates
102
Indications for surgery in GERD?
bleeding, stricture, barrett's incompetent LES, max dose PPI with sxs
103
RUQ pain, jaundice, fever
acute cholangitis
104
RUQ pain, jaundice, fever, hypotension, AMS
ascending cholangitis
105
What puts you at risk of Splenic vein thrombosis
Chronic Pancreatitis
106
Courvoisier’s sign
Large, nontender GB, itching and jaundice suggesting | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
107
Large, nontender GB, itching and jaundice
Courvoisier’s sign
108
diarrhea, flushing, tachycardia/ hypotension
carcinoid syndrome | which can cause niacin deficiency
109
niacin deficiency
dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea
110
AML blood smear
auer rods
111
M3 (APML) blood smear
auer rods
112
AML high risk of ___ when treated
DIC
113
Tartate resistant acid phosphatase, decreased monos and CD11 and CD22+
Hairy cell leukemia
114
Enlarged, painless, rubbery lymph nodes
think lymphoma
115
Reed Sternberg cells
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
116
Bone pain, punched out lesions on xray, hypercalcemia
Multiple Myeloma
117
Multiple Myeloma antibody
IgG spike
118
IgM M spike in patient with dizziness, HA, hearing/vision problems
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia | sx due to hyperviscocity
119
Older pt w/ generalized pruritis and flushing after hot bath. Hct of 60%.
polycythemia vera chest epo, scheduled phlebotomy . hydroxyurea can prevent thrombosis

Internal Medicine (1 decks)

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