Highison: Oral Cavity and Esophagus

Question 1

What is included in the oral cavity?

Answer 1

Tongue, teeth, major and minor salivary glands, and tonsils

Question 2

Describe the oral cavity proper vs. the vestibule

Answer 2

The vestibule is the area along all sides of the mouth, while the oral cavity proper includes the teeth, tongue, and salivary glands

Question 3

What three things line the oral cavity?

Answer 3

1. masticatory mucosa on gingiva and hard palate
2. lining mucosa everywhere else except tongue
3. specialized mucosa of the tongue

Question 4

What type of epithelium makes up the masticatory mucosa on the gingiva and hard palate?

Answer 4

Keratinized and parakeratinized stratified squamous

Question 5

What type of epithelium makes up the lining mucosa found everywhere else except for the tongue?

Answer 5

Stratified squamous and parakeratinized stratified squamous

Question 6

What does parakeratinized refer to?

Answer 6

Surface epithelium retain their nuclei

Question 7

What types of cells make up enamel?

Answer 7

ameloblasts

Question 8

What types of cells make up dentin?

Answer 8

odontoblasts

Question 9

What type of epithelium makes up the vermillion?

Answer 9

Parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 10

What makes up the posterior 1/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue?

Answer 10

Lingual tonsil

Question 11

What makes up the anterior 2/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue?

Answer 11

4 types of lingual papillae

Question 12

Present on fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae

Answer 12

Taste buds

Question 13

Where else are the taste buds found?

Answer 13

Also found on oral pharynx, soft palate, and posterior surface of the epiglottis

Question 14

What is the anterior 2/3 (hard palate) made up of?

Answer 14

Keratinized stratified squamous

Question 15

What is the posterior 1/3 (soft palate) made up of?

Answer 15

Skeletal muscle

Question 16

Largest of the salivary glands, serous secretion, 30% of saliva

Answer 16

Parotid gland

Question 17

Mixed gland, primarily serous, 60% saliva

Answer 17

Submandibular gland

Question 18

Mixed gland, primarily mucous, 10% saliva

Answer 18

Sublingual gland

Question 19

How many major pairs of glands are there?

Answer 19

3

Question 20

Cell types of the salivary glands

Answer 20

1. serous and mucous cells
2. myoepithelial cells
3. plasma cells

Question 21

How many deciduous teeth are there?

How many permanent teeth?

Answer 21

20; 32

Question 22

What kind of epithelium is the vermillion made up of?

Answer 22

parakeratinized stratified squamous

Question 23

These extend from the enamel of the tooth to the pulp.

Answer 23

dentinal tubules

Question 24

What are the four types of lingual papillae that make up the anterior 2/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue?

Answer 24

1. Filiform papillae
2. Fungiform papillae
3. Foliate papillae
4. Circumvallate papillae

Question 25

Lack taste buds; their role is to increase friction between the tongue and food

Answer 25

filiform papillae

Question 26

Occur on the margin of the tongue

Answer 26

fungiform papillae

Question 27

Not abundant in the human tongue

Answer 27

foliate papillae

Question 28

Located in front of the V-shaped sulcus terminalas. Associated with Ebner's glands

Answer 28

circumvallate papillae

Question 29

What is the lingual frenulum found?

Answer 29

Ventral surface of the tongue

Question 30

What are the stem cells called that regenerate the tongue?

Answer 30

Basal cells

Question 31

3 cell types found in taste buds

Answer 31

sensory cells supporting cells basal cells

Question 32

Where do major salivary glands empty into?

Answer 32

Oral cavity

Question 33

Where are minor salivary glands located?

Answer 33

In the submucosa of different parts or the oral cavity

Question 34

Anterior 2/3 of the roof of the mouth is the (blank) palate, which is made up of (blank) and (blank) epithelium

Answer 34

hard; bone; keratinized stratified squamous

Question 35

Posterior 1/3 of the roof of the mouth is the (blank) palate, which is made up of (blank) and contracts during swallowing to close off the (blank).

Answer 35

soft; skeletal muscle; nasopharynx

Question 36

The salivary glands are composed of (blank) and/or (blank) secretory cells arranged in tubules

Answer 36

serous or mucous

Question 37

Salivary glands secrete saliva through a series of intercalated, striated, and interlobular (blank)

Answer 37

ducts

Question 38

What does saliva do?

Answer 38

Moistens food lubricates GI tract Begins enzymatic digestion of carbs

Question 39

Salivary glands release (blank) and (blank) into the saliva

Answer 39

lysozyme and IgA

Question 40

How many liters of saliva are made per day?

Answer 40

1-1.5L

Question 41

How is salivary composition and osmolarity modulated?

Answer 41

By duct epithelium

Question 42

Modulation of salivary volume by parasympathetic vs sympathetic stimulation

Answer 42

Parasympathetic: increases volume Sympathetic: decreases volume

Question 43

What kind of lymphatic tissue is found in the GI tract?

Answer 43

Diffuse lymphatic tissue

Question 44

Where are lymphatic nodules located?

Answer 44

In the submucosa/lamina propria

Question 45

What three things make up what is called the Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue?

Answer 45

1. Diffuse lymphatic tissue 2. Lymphatic nodules 3. Tonsils

Question 46

4 layers of the digestive tract

Answer 46

1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis 4. Adventitia

Question 47

What is the plexus that separates the submucosa from the muscularis?

Answer 47

Meissner's plexus

Question 48

What is the plexus that separates the two layers of the muscularis?

Answer 48

Myenteric plexus

Question 49

Two layers of the muscularis

Answer 49

Inner circular; outer longitudinal

Question 50

4 layers of mucosa

Answer 50

``` EBLM Epithelium Basement membrane Lamina propria Muscularis mucosae ```

Question 51

What is unique about the muscularis mucosae of the mucosa of the esophagus?

Answer 51

It has a single longitudinal layer

Question 52

What glands are found in the submucosa of the esophagus?

Answer 52

esophageal glands proper

Question 53

In the esophagus, there is (blank) above the diaphragm, and (blank) below the diaphragm

Answer 53

adventitia; serosa

Question 54

What type of muscle is the upper 1/3 of the esophagus? The middle 1/3? The lower 1/3?

Answer 54

Skeletal; both; smooth

Question 55

Tubuloacinar glands arranged in small lobules, drained by a single duct

Answer 55

Submucosal glands

Question 56

The inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of muscle in the upper portion of the esophagus are both (blank) muscle

Answer 56

Striated