Hindlimb Bones Horse

Question 1

4 Divisions of the Horse’s hindlimb

Answer 1

1. Hip
2. Thigh (stifle joint)
3. Leg/Gaskin/Shin (hock joint)
4. Pes

Question 2

Hip is termed as os coxae or _____

Answer 2

aitchbone

Question 3

• largest flat bone of the body
• 3 parts
   ilium
   ischium
   pubis

Answer 3

Hip

Question 4

What are the 3 major parts of a horse’s hipbone?

Answer 4

1. tuber sacrale
2. tuber coxae
3. tuber ischium

Question 5

Highest point of hindlimb. Measures the croup. Found in dorsal and median. os sacrum is the nearest bone articulated here.

Answer 5

Tuber sacrale

Question 6

Project lateral for muscle attachment. (balakang in humans)

Answer 6

tuber coxae

Question 7

Part of the buttocks of a horse. found caudally.

Answer 7

tuber ischium

Question 8

An articulated depression where 3 parts (Ilium, Ischium, pubis) produce a joint investiture. Head of femur articulates here.

Answer 8

Acetabulum cotyloid cavity

Question 9

os coxae of both sides

Answer 9

pelvic girdle

Question 10

Makes up the pelvic cavity. Also called bony pelvis. (3)

Answer 10

includes:
 pelvic girdle
 sacrum
 coccygeals/caudal vertebra 1 & 2

Question 11

the bony pelvis is described as having: (5)

Answer 11

 a root
 a floor
 lateral walls
 an entrance
 an exit

Question 12

In horse, wings of the ilium has a ____ while dogs don’t. it serves as attachment for gluteal muscles in horse.

Answer 12

gluteal line

Question 13

Mare hipbone characteristics (3)

Answer 13

 walls of the pubis is thin
 pubic floor is concave
 pelvic outlet is large

Question 14

Stallion hipbone characteristics (3)

Answer 14

 pubis is thick medially
 pubic floor is convex
 pelvic outlet is small

Question 15

Longest bone in the thighs. also has ____ shelf.
3rd trochanter is present

Answer 15

femur
patellar shelf

Question 16

2 trochlea of the femur. which is bigger?

Answer 16

lateral and medial trochlear ridge.
medial one is bigger

Question 17

Also called shin or legbone or gaskin

Answer 17

tibia and fibula

Question 18

This articular structure of fibula is fused with tibia.

Answer 18

lateral malleolus

Question 19

TRUE or FALSE
fibula is reduced to a head and shaft only

Answer 19

true

Question 20

large sesamoid bone which develops at the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. It articulates with the trochlea of the femur. Describe its shape

Answer 20

Patella
Triangular in shape

Question 21

What do you call the 2 surfaces of patella. which surface is associated with patellar shelf.

Answer 21

Anterior (convex)
Articular (associated with patellar shelf)

Question 22

Parts of the patella. (4)

Answer 22

 2 surfaces: anterior and articular
 two borders: medial and lateral
 Base – proximal
 Apex – distal

Question 23

What makes up the Pes (3)

Answer 23

 Tarsus
 Metatarsus
 Digits (Phalanges)

Question 24

How many tarsal bones does a horse have? what are they?

Answer 24

6
Talus (tibial tarsal), calcaneus (fibular tarsal), Central tarsal, 1st/2nd tarsal bone, 3rd tarsal bone, 4th tarsal bone

Question 25

this part of the tarsus has very large trochlea found in dorsal surface.

Answer 25

talus

Question 26

___ and ____ tarsal bone is found lateral to the hock.

Answer 26

3rd and 4th

Question 27

keratinized tissue surrounding the coffin bone

Answer 27

hoof

Question 28

Hoof is formed by what 4 bones

Answer 28

o Distal part of the 2nd phalanx o 3rd phalanx o navicular bone o lateral cartilages

Question 29

3 parts of the hoof

Answer 29

- wall - sole - frog

Question 30

 bulb  linea alba

Answer 30

hoof wall

Question 31

makes up the hoof sole (2)

Answer 31

1. body 2. crus

Question 32

makes up the hoof frog (4)

Answer 32

 apex  lateral collateral sulcus  median sulcus  medial ridge

Question 33

a modified vascular structure that nourishes the horny parts of the hoof

Answer 33

corium or matrix

Question 34

corium limbi/stratum limitans

Answer 34

periople

Question 35

corium coronae

Answer 35

wall

Question 36

laminar matrix/corium parietis

Answer 36

horny laminae

Question 37

solar matrix/corium soleae

Answer 37

sole

Question 38

cuneate matrix

Answer 38

frog

Question 39

Forelimb vs hindlimb (metacarpals and phalanges) ovoid/elongate, shorter shaft, flatter narrow proximal extremity

Answer 39

forelimb

Question 40

Forelimb vs hindlimb (metacarpals and phalanges) cylindrical and longer shaft wider proximal extremity

Answer 40

hindlimb

Question 41

true or false lateral articular surface are larger than the medial articular surface because the weight is thrown inwards

Answer 41

False Medial articular surface are larger than the lateral because the weight is thrown inwards

Question 42

Forelimb vs hindlimb (metacarpals and phalanges) - palmar surface of the hoof is flat - hoof margin is more pointed - hoof angulation is more acute (more closed angle

Answer 42

hindlimb

Question 43

Forelimb vs hindlimb (metacarpals and phalanges) - Palmar surface of the hoof is concave - Hoof margin is smoothly curved - Hoof angulation is less acute (more opened angle)

Answer 43

forelimb

Question 44

Articular surface is crescentic deeply cut into medially by the acetabular notch and fossa. Acetabulum + femur head

Answer 44

Hip joint

Question 45

4 ligaments comprising the hipjoint

Answer 45

- Cotyloid ligament - Transverse acetabular ligament - Round ligament - Accessory ligament

Question 46

ligament that is attached to the bony margin. this bony margin is attached to the cotyloid cavity

Answer 46

Cotyloid ligament

Question 47

ligament that crosses the acetabular notch

Answer 47

Transverse acetabular ligament

Question 48

short strong band which attaches to the subpubic groove close to the notch, passes outward and ends at the notch in the head of the femur

Answer 48

Round ligament

Question 49

(only in Equidae) detached form the prepubic tendon of the abdominal muscle directed outward, backward, and upward, passing through the acetabular notch dorsal to the transverse ligament and ends behind the round ligament in notch of the head of the femur

Answer 49

Accessory ligament

Question 50

prevents horse to do side kick. branch of pre pubic tendon that pulls back the head of femur

Answer 50

Accessory ligament

Question 51

Stifle joint is composed of 4 participation bones. what are they?

Answer 51

1. femur 2. patella 3. tibia 4. fibula

Question 52

- largest and most elaborate joint of the body - two articulations  femoropatellar joint  femorotibial joint

Answer 52

Stifle joint

Question 53

3 ligaments of stifle joint

Answer 53

Medial collateral/patellar ligament Lateral collateral ligament Middle patellar ligament

Question 54

attached above the patellar fibro-cartilage and ends on the tuberosity of the tibia at the medial side of the groove. attach the patella to the femur.

Answer 54

Medial collateral/patellar ligament

Question 55

extends from the lateral part of the anterior surface of the patella to the lateral part of the tuberosity of the tibia

Answer 55

Lateral collateral ligament

Question 56

extends from the front of the apex of the patella to the distal part of the groove on the tuberosity of the tibia

Answer 56

Middle patellar ligament

Question 57

Medial trochlear ridge serves as the hook where patella locks due to this ligament

Answer 57

Medial femoral patellar ligament

Question 58

what action of the thigh muscles and hips helps the patella to unlock/unhook?

Answer 58

flexion of the thighs and extension of the hips

Question 59

tarsal joint is also called ___

Answer 59

composite joint

Question 60

what are the 3 joints composing the tarsal joint

Answer 60

 Tarsocrural joint (ginglymus joint – gliding joint)  Intertarsal joint  Tarsometatarsal joint

Question 61

4 ligaments composing the tarsal joints

Answer 61

lateral, medial, short collateral, and long plantar ligaments

Question 62

ligament from tibia to 4th tarsal bone

Answer 62

lateral collateral ligament

Question 63

from tibia to 1st and 2nd tarsal bone

Answer 63

medial collateral ligament

Question 64

ligament that Occupies plantar surface of the hook caudal surface.

Answer 64

long plantar ligament

Question 65

what is it called when the region in long plantar ligament is inflamed

Answer 65

curb

Question 66

3 types of spavin

Answer 66

blood, bog, bone

Question 67

this spavin has varicose veins and is proximal to the talus

Answer 67

blood spavin

Question 68

after blood spavin, this happens next and would form exudates.

Answer 68

bog spavin

Question 69

most distal spavin and would form callus

Answer 69

bone spavin

Question 70

location of the 3 spavins and what is the location called

Answer 70

found in the dorsal surface of the hock/talus called seat of spavin

Question 71

associated with the seat of spavin. medial branch of tibialis cranialis. tenotomy can be performed in this to treat spavin in horses.

Answer 71

cunean tendon