Hindlimb O,I,A,N

Question 1

Dorsal gluteal group

Answer 1

Superficial gluteal
Middle gluteal
Piriformis
Deep gluteal
Gluteofemoralis (cat)
Tensor fasciae latae

Question 2

Medial group

Answer 2

Gracilis
Pectineus
Adductor
External obturator
Sartorius
Iliopsoas

Question 3

Caudal group

Answer 3

Biceps femoris
Abductor cruris caudalis
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

Question 4

Deep group

Answer 4

Internal obturator
Gemelli
Quadratus femoris

Question 5

How to tell if a muscle flexes the joint

Answer 5

If muscle is on the same side as the angle of the joint

Question 6

How to tell if a muscle extends the joint

Answer 6

If a muscle is on the opposite side of the angle

Question 7

Which muscles are most caudal and supplied by caudal gluteal nerve?

Answer 7

Superficial gluteal & gluteofemoralis

Question 8

Superficial gluteus

Answer 8

Origin - sacrotuberus ligament
Insertion - 3rd trochanter
Action - extends hip jt
Nerve - caudal gluteal nerve

Question 9

facts abt sacrotuberus ligament

Answer 9

Broad in horses - insert on 3rd trochanter
Narrow in dogs - insert to smaller 3rd trochanter
Not in cats

Question 10

Middle gluteus

Answer 10

Origin - wing of ilium
Insertion - greater trochanter
Action - extends hip
Nerve - cranial gluteal nerve

Question 11

Piriformis

Answer 11

Origin - sacrum & sacrotuberous lig
Insertion - greater trochanter
Action - extend hip, abduct limb
Nerve - caudal gluteal nerve

Question 12

Deep gluteal

Answer 12

Origin - body of ilium
Insertion - greater trochanter
Action - extends hip
Nerve - cranial gluteal nerve

Question 13

Deep gluteal is covered by

Answer 13

Middle gluteus and Piriformis

Question 14

Gluteofemoralis

Answer 14

Present only in cat

Origin - first caudal vertebrae
Insertion - patella
Action - extend hip, abduct limb
Nerve - caudal gluteal nerve

Question 15

Biceps femoris

Answer 15

1, 2, 3, 4,
Origin - sacrotuberous lig, ischiatic tuberosity
Insertion -
- cranial - patella indirectly via fascia lata
- middle - tibial crest
- caudal - calcanean tuberosity via calcanean tendon
Action - extends : hip, stifle, hock and flex stifle
Nerve -
- cranial - caudal gluteal nerve
- middle & caudal - tibial nerve

Question 16

Abductor cruris caudalis

Answer 16

Origin - sacrotuberous lig
Insertion - crural fascia
Action - abduction of limb
Nerve - sciatic nerve

Question 17

Semitendinosus

Answer 17

Origin - ischiatic tuberosity
Insertion - medial aspect of tibia, calcanean tuberosity via calcanean tendon
Action - extends hip, hock and flex stifle
Nerve - sciatic nerve

Question 18

Semimembranosus

Answer 18

Origin - ischiatic tuberosity
Insertion -
Cranial belly - distal aspect of femur
Caudal belly - medial condyle of tibia
Action - Cr & Ca belly - extend hip
Caudal belly flexes the stifle
Nerve - sciatic nerve

Question 19

Tensor fasciae latae

Answer 19

Origin - tuber coxae
Insertion - fascia lata
Cranial - gives rise to superficial lamina of fascia lata
Caudal - gives rise to deeper lamina of fascia lata
Action - these the fascia lata, flex hip, extend stifle
Nerve - cranial gluteal nerve

Question 20

Sartorius cranial part

Answer 20

Origin - iliac crest
Insertion - patella
Action - extends stifle
Nerve - femoral nerve (saphenous)

Question 21

Sartorius caudal part

Answer 21

Origin - tuber coxae
Insertion - tibial crest (medially)
Action - flexes stifle (both flex hip)
Nerve - femoral (saphenous nerve)

Question 22

Quadriceps femoris parts

Answer 22

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis, vastus intermedialis, vastus medialis

Question 23

Quadriceps femoris - rectus femoris

Answer 23

Origin - tuberosity cranial to acetabulum
Insertion - patellar lig via tibial tuberosity
Action - flexor of the hip, extends stifle
Nerve - femoral nerve

Question 24

Quadriceps femoris - vastus lateralis, intermedialis, medialis

Answer 24

Origin - proximal femur laterally, cranially, medially (respectively)
Insertion - patellar lig through tibial tuberosity
Action - flexes hip, extends stifle
Nerve - femoral nerve

Question 25

Gracilis

Answer 25

Origin - pelvic symphysis via symphysial tendon Insertion - proximal craniomedial surface of tibia, calcanean tendon Action - adductor and weak extensor of hock Nerve - obturator nerve

Question 26

Adductor

Answer 26

Origin - symphysial tendon, pubic tubercle Insertion - caudal surface of femur Action - adductor of pelvic limb Nerve - obturator nerve

Question 27

Adductor - magnus

Answer 27

Origin - symphysial tendon, pubic tubercle Insertion - lateral lip of fascies aspera Action - adductor of pelvic limb Nerve - obturator nerve

Question 28

Adductor - longus

Answer 28

Origin - symphysial tendon, pubic tubercle Insertion - ventral to the inter-trochanteric ridge Action - adductor of pelvic limb Nerve - obturator nerve

Question 29

Pectineus

Answer 29

Origin - iliopubic eminence Insertion - facies aspera of femur Action - Nerve -

Question 30

Femoral triangle features

Answer 30

Base, cranial, caudal, medial, lateral

Question 31

Base, cranial, caudal, medial, lateral of femoral triangle

Answer 31

B - vascular lacuna & inguinal lig Cr - Sartorius (caudal belly) Ca - pectineus Md - femoral fascia & skin La - iliopsoas and vastus medialis

Question 32

External obturator

Answer 32

Origin - external obturator foramen Insertion - trochanteric fossa Action - adduction & lateral rotation of pelvic limb at hip Nerve - obturator

Question 33

Internal obturator

Answer 33

Origin - internal area of obturator foramen Insertion - trochanteric fossa Action - lateral rotation of pelvic limb at hip Nerve - sciatic nerve

Question 34

Gemelli

Answer 34

Origin - spine of ischium Insertion - trochanteric fossa Action - rotate pelvic limb laterally at hip Nerve - sciatic nerve

Question 35

Quadratus femoris

Answer 35

Origin - ischium - tuber ischii Insertion - intertrochanteric crest Action - rotate pelvic limb laterally at hip Nerve - sciatic nerve

Question 36

Iliopsoas

Answer 36

Origin - lumbar vertebrae & ilium Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur Action - flex hip Nerve - femoral nerve

Question 37

Sublumbar muscles include

Answer 37

Quadratus lumborum Psoas minor Psoas major Iliopsoas (poisons major, iliacus)