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World History > Hinduism > Flashcards

Hinduism Flashcards

1
Q

When was Hinduism created?

A

1500 BCE

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2
Q

How popular is Hinduism (e.g. 1st, 2nd)?

A

3rd most popular religion

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3
Q

Who created Hinduism?

A

No known founder

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4
Q

What are the four Vedas?

A

Rig Veda, Yajur Veda, Sama Veda, Atharva Veda

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5
Q

What does the Rig Veda consist of?

A

Songs that praise gods, they discuss Reality, Truth, Universe, War, Weddings, and Rituals

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6
Q

What does the Yajur Veda consist of?

A

Sacrificial rites and rituals

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7
Q

What does the Sama Veda consist of?

A

“Sweet song that destroys sorrow”, targeted at gods

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8
Q

What does the Atharva Veda consist of?

A

Charms and curses

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9
Q

What are gurus/sages?

A

Hindu leaders who teach traditions and truths

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10
Q

What river did Hinduism begin at?

A

Indus

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11
Q

When compared to other religions, how old is Hinduism?

A

Hinduism is the oldest active religion

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12
Q

What are the seven beliefs?

A

One universal soul, An immortal individual soul, Karma, Moksha, Dharma, the Vedas, and Cyclical time

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13
Q

What is Brahman?

A

The universe and everything contained within it. It is formless and genderless

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14
Q

What is the concept of Atman?

A

Atman is your soul, which carries on into body after body. Actions in one life affect your next

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15
Q

What is Karma?

A

Actions in the past and future affect the situation of your life

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16
Q

What is Moksha?

A

The goal of breaking out of the reincarnation cycle and realizing your oneness with Brahman

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17
Q

What is the Moksha prayer?

A

“Lead me from the unreal to the real”

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18
Q

What is the concept of Cyclical Time?

A

There is no beginning or end of time, but it is split into four stages that form a cycle. The stages add up to 4.32 million years

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19
Q

What happens in the final stage of Cyclical Time?

A

Humans destroy the Earth and it starts over

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20
Q

What stage of Cyclical Time do Hindus believe we are in?

A

The fourth and final stage

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21
Q

What is Dharma?

A

Each living thing’s duty in life. Your duty depends on your age and role, and if you follow it, the universe remains in balance

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22
Q

What are the Upanishads?

A

Sequels to Vedas that add clarity to the Vedas. They are philosophy books that show how you are your Atman, not your current body and life

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23
Q

When were the Upanishads written?

A

800-500 BCE, or up to 1000 years after the Vedas

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24
Q

What are the Puranas?

A

Less divine versions of Vedas - they are 18 encyclopedias of Hindu beliefs

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25
Q

What do the Puranas cover?

A

Yoga, taxes, caste system, hell, gods, etc.

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26
Q

What is the Gita?

A

Book about a warrior (Arjuna) who doesn’t fight, but does after Lord Krishna teaches him about Dharma

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27
Q

What is the lesson from the Gita?

A

Follow your Dharma despite your difficulties

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28
Q

What is the Ramayana?

A

An adventure book about Prince Rama and his monkey sidekick, Hanuman. Rama faces exile, battles, has wife abducted

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29
Q

What is the Mahabharata?

A

Longest poem in the world - 5x the length of the bible and 8x the length of the iliad and Odyssey combined

30
Q

What is the lesson from both the Ramayana and Mahabharata?

A

Dharma allows society to function properly

31
Q

What are the four life goals?

A

Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha

32
Q

What is Artha?

A

The pursuit of prosperity and a good reputation

33
Q

What is Kama?

A

Pleasure/Healthiness in the body and mind

34
Q

What are the six temptations?

A

Kama, Krodha, Lobha, Moha, Mada, and Matsarya

35
Q

What is Kama (temptation)?

A

Lust and Materialism

36
Q

What is Krodha?

A

Anger

37
Q

What is Lobha?

A

Greed

38
Q

What is Moha?

A

Unrealistic attachment to things, people, and power

39
Q

What is Mada?

A

Pride

40
Q

What is Matsarya?

A

Jealousy

41
Q

Who makes up the Trinity of Gods?

A

Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva

42
Q

What is Brahma’s role?

A

Creator - made the universe but isn’t everything inside of it

43
Q

What is Vishnu’s role?

A

Preserver - Preserves the world until Shiva destroys it

44
Q

What is Shiva’s role?

A

Destroyer - Demolishes the universe for the end of each cycle

45
Q

Which god has four heads that face North, East, South and West, and what do they represent?

A

Brahma - 4 Vedas and yugas

46
Q

What does Brahma hold?

A

Book, symbolic of knowledge

47
Q

Which god rides the nameless swan?

A

Brahma

48
Q

Why does Vishnu hold a discus?

A

To cut people who try to mess with Dharma

49
Q

Which god holds a conch that represents victory and the five elements?

A

Vishnu

50
Q

Which god rides the eagle?

A

Vishnu

51
Q

What is the eagle’s name?

A

Garuda

52
Q

What is significant about Shiva’s third eye?

A

If it opens, your face melts off when you look at it

53
Q

Which god rides a bull?

A

Shiva

54
Q

What is the bull’s name?

A

Nandi

55
Q

Who is Ganesha?

A

Shiva’s son

56
Q

Who has an elephant head and why?

A

Ganesha, because Shiva cut off his head

57
Q

What is Ganesha’s role?

A

To remove obstacles

58
Q

What is the job of avatars?

A

To fix bad Dharma through divine intervention

59
Q

What is the Caste System?

A

Decides your class based on birth

60
Q

Who is at the top of the Caste System?

A

Brahmins (Priests)

61
Q

Who is second on the Caste System?

A

Kshatriyas (Warriors)

62
Q

Who is third on the Caste System?

A

Vaisnyas (Traders)

63
Q

Who is fourth on the Caste System?

A

Shudra (Laborers)

64
Q

What texts does the Caste System come from?

A

The Gita and Rig Veda

65
Q

What texts changed the Caste System from ability based to birth based?

A

The laws of Manu

66
Q

When were the Laws of Manu written?

A

5th century BC

67
Q

What is the first rule of the laws of Manu?

A

Brahmin are lords

68
Q

What is the second rule of the law of Manu?

A

Moving castes is forbidden

69
Q

What is the lowest rank of the Caste System?

A

Untouchables

70
Q

When compared to the US, what is yoga considered to be in Hinduism?

A

A discipline

71
Q

How does Shiva destroy the world?

A

By dancing

72
Q

What area of the world is Hinduism most prevalent?

A

India

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