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Hinduism Flashcards

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1
Q

Ahimsa

A

non-harming; a personal virtue and guiding principle of Hinduism

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2
Q

Arati

A

an important worship ceremony where an offering of light is made to the deity

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3
Q

Artha

A

one of the four aims of human life; earning a lawful living

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4
Q

Atman

A

the individual inner self, immortal soul; distance from the material mind and body.

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5
Q

Avatar

A

different forms/incarnations of the divine (e.g. Krishna and Rama who are avatars of Vishnu)

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6
Q

Bhajan/Kirtan

A

part of worship; devotional songs and hymns to God

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7
Q

Brahma

A

one of the Trimurti; the creator

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8
Q

Brahman

A

ultimate reality, supreme being, divine consciousness that is the source of all life

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9
Q

Cosmology

A

understandings of the universe and how it began

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10
Q

cow protection

A

the cow is a sacred animal so protected in India; killing cows is forbidden in the Vedas

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11
Q

cycle of the four ages

A

time is a cycle made up of four ages (yugas), the cycle repeats itself endlessly

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12
Q

Darshan

A

part of worship; touching or greeting the image of a deity (murti) showing respect, receiving a blessing in return

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13
Q

Deities

A

a way the divine presents; a form of god which can be male or female (e.g. Ganesha, Lakshmi)

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14
Q

Dharma

A

Hindu path in life; the moral foundations of hinduism, divine law/duties

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15
Q

Diwali

A

festival of lights

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16
Q

environmental projects

A

projects to protect/conserve/repair environment; ‘Mother Earth’ gives us, so we should show respect to Mother Earth

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17
Q

four aims of life

A

four goals that humans should pursure in life; dharma (ethical living), artha (seeking material prosperity), Kama (seeking pleasure), and moksha (seeking liberation)

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18
Q

free will

A

the way we choose to respond to whatever we experience; the choices we make

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19
Q

Ganesha

A

elephant-headed deity symbolising wisdom and success

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20
Q

Guru

A

teacher of Hinduism; these people usually have followers, as hinduism recommends a person find themselves a guru for a better chance of spiritual development and enlightenment

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21
Q

Hanuman

A

monkey deity; messenger of Rama

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22
Q

Havan

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A

form of worship; the fire ceremony

23
Q

holi

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A

festival of colours, spring celebration of the victory of good over evil and the story of Rama and Sita

24
Q

illusion (maya)

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A

the concept that what humans perceive to be real is actually an illusion, preventing each person from realising their true self

25
japa/mantra
forms of worship; mantras are prayers or holy sounds/words that are repeated. Papa is mantra chanting which often uses a string of beads to focus the mind
26
Kama
one of the four aims of human life; enjoying the pleasures of life
27
karma
moral action and reaction; all actions have consequences do the accumulation of positive/negative karma leads to rebirth
28
Krishna
avatar of vishnu; appeared on earth to restore the dharma
29
Kumbh Mela
example of hindu pilgrimage. a twelve-yearly gathering of Hindus at the meeting point of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers
30
Lakshmi
deity of wealth, fortune and prosperity; wife/consort of vinshu
31
many worlds
multiverse; Hindu concept of many worlds and universes, with many diverse inhabitants
32
matter (Prakriti)
physical material; belief that all matter is made up of three qualities (tri-guna) - darkness, activity and goodness
33
moksha
liberation from the cycle of rebirth (samsara)
34
murti
consecrated statue of a deity used in worship
35
personal virtues
qualities a Hindu should develop in themselves; include ahimsa, respect, empathy, self-control, humility and love
36
pilgrimage
a religious journey to a holy site/sacred place, it is an act of worship and devotion
37
puja
act of worship which can take many forms in Hindu practice
38
Rama
avatar of vinshu
39
samsara
cycle of birth and death; samsara binds the atman to this physical, illusory existence
40
sanatana dharma
eternal dharma, truth; another name for Hinduism
41
Saraswati
deity of music, arts, knowledge, wisdom and learning; wife/consort of Brahma
42
shaivism
branch of hinduism which looks to shiva as the supreme manifestation of brahman
43
shiva
one of the Trimurti; the destroyer
44
shrine
sacred space which is home to a murti and/or images of deities, plus aids to worship - found in home or in work place, and sometimes in public places
45
social inclusion
projects to make society more equal
46
temple
place of worship for Hindus (mandir)
47
three features of the divine
understandings of the nature of the divine as: everywhere (as non-personal, Brahman); within the heart; beyond, (as a personal God, approached through deities who live in the spiritual realm)
48
three qualities (tri-guna)
three qualities of all matter - darkness, activity and goodness
49
Trimurti
godhead in Hinduism; comprises Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva
50
vaishnavism
branch of hinduism which looks to Vishnu as the supreme manifestation of brahman
51
Varanasi
holiest city for Hindus; focus of pilgrimage (to bathe in river, distribute ashes, etc)
52
varnashrama dharma
dharma for specific stages in life; the idea that each stage (student, householder, etc) and each social grouping (varna) has particular duties to fulfil
53
vishnu
one of the Trimurti; the sustainer
54
yoga
four paths/practices which help a person unite with their inner divinity; action, knowledge, meditation, devotion

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