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Hinduism Flashcards

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1
Q

In what ways do the scriptures in Hinduism and Islam differ?

A

Hinduism has no definitive text compared to Islam

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2
Q

How are Hindu scriptures categorized?

A

Shruti (“That which is heard”) - writings that represent eternal, sacred knowledge
Smriti (“That which is remembered”) - for spiritual advanced

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3
Q

What is the Shruti tradition and who is it primarily for?

A

passed down traditionally orally through priests to be kept sacred. For temples and households

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4
Q

What are the Vedas?

A 
vedas - knowledge
Rig veda- hymns,
Sama veda- chants, 
Yajur veda-chants for sacrificed,
Atharva veda - charms, magic.
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5
Q

What are the Brahmanas?

A

vedic ritual, commentaries

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6
Q

What do the Aranyakas suggest about the Hindu view of the world? How does this view differ from that found in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?

A

Aranyakas concerns with innermost nature of humankind and universe
The bibles is concerned about how universe is created and how human behavior should conduct

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7
Q

What are the Upanishads?

A

philosophic framework of Hinduism

represents the knowledge one person hears

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8
Q

Hinduism does not have a closed canon. How does this affect the diversity of the religion?

A

different religious groups accept different writings as scripture

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9
Q

What is Smriti tradition?

A

“That which is remembered” - for spiritually advanced and ordinary followers

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10
Q

What is Itihasas?

A

history, long epic stories

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11
Q

What characterizes the Dharma Shastras?

A

legal codes

Code of Manu - sacred laws

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12
Q

What are Puranas?

A

Old stories

tells creation and destruction of universe

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13
Q

How do moksha, atman, samsara, karma, and Brahman function in the overall framework of Hindu cosmogony?

A
  • Samsara - wheel of death and rebirth
  • Atman - individual self, is on samsara due to karma
  • Karma - deed, action, binds one to samsara
  • Moksha - liberation from cycle of rebirths, release from Samsara
  • Brahman - sacred/absolute, sacred is never created nor destroyed
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14
Q

What are the various groups in the caste system?

A

traditional caste:

  • Brahmin - priest
  • Kshatriya - warrior, ruler
  • Vaisya - merchants,farmers
  • Sudra - servants
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15
Q

Why is Ramayana important?

A

shaped identity of Hinduism

- ideal man

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16
Q

Who are Rama, Sita, Lakshman, and Haruman?

A

Rama - ideal man
Sita - ideal women
Lakshman - brother and companion of Rama
Haruman - monkey, son of wing god

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17
Q

What two major themes are in conflict in the Ramayana?

A

karma and atman,

Rama had to save Sita and Sita had to prove faithfulness to Rama

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18
Q

What traditions are associated with Jnana Yoga?

A

Path of physical and spiritual disciplinee

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19
Q

What are some of the birth ritual traditions in Hinduism?

A

first haircut,

part of the mother’s hair is color red while she’s pregnant

20
Q

Who is the upanyana tradition for what happens during this ceremony?

A
  • Only for boys in the 3 upper caste system
  • receives last meal prepared by mother
  • has first lesson in Vedas
  • celebration of girl’s first period
  • daughters are taken to temples and given money and clothes
21
Q

What other puberty rites are observed in Hinduism?

A

celebration of girl’s first period

girls given money and clothing

22
Q

What happens during a Hindu wedding ceremony?

A

Bride and groom walk around fire seven times

23
Q

What traditions are observed during Hindu death ritual? How do these differ from Muslim notions?

A

H: cremation of the body and recarnation
I: burial of the body, belief in ressurection

24
Q

Describe Holi

A

colored water and powder

all classes mingle

25
Q

What happens during Thaipusam?

A

self-mortification, son is able to move mountains

26
Q

What traditions are associated with Divali/Diwali/Dipavali?

A

decorations with tons of lights, candles, lamp (like New Years)

27
Q

What is Ganesha’s Fourth?

A

Ganesha is the elephant that overcame, fourth day of bright half of month

28
Q

What is Advaita Vedanta and what thinker is associated with?

A

non-dualism, Shankara a philosopher, one reality that is Brahman. Atman is identical to Brahman

29
Q

What is Vishishta Advaita Vedanta and what thinker is associated with it?

A

qualified non-dualism, Ramanuja - founder

Brahman is ground existence but individual souls and matter are distinct parts of Brahman

30
Q

How does Vishishta Advaita Vedanta differ from Advaita Vedanta?

A

VAV - distinct existence of soul and matters

VA - distinct entity in world

31
Q

Who is Shiva and what are the major forms of this deity?

A

God of death, destruction, and disease

  • represents creation and destruction
  • represented by phallic symbol
32
Q

Who is Ganesha and what traditions are associated with him?

A

Ganesha, son of Shiva, elephant headed God

has power to remove obstacles

33
Q

What is Shakti?

A

sacred power/ force

34
Q

Who is Durga and what attributes are associated with her?

A

Durga - female warrior, wife of Shiva, protects the world, avenge the wrong
Vahana: lion or tiger

35
Q

Who is Sarasvati and what does she symbolize?

A

Sarasvati - Goddess of knowledge and arts, wife of Brahma

Vahana: swan or peacock

36
Q

Who is Kali and what traditions are associated with her?

A

Goddess of destruction, wife of Shiva, killed Shiva

sacrifices animals for blood

37
Q

What does Lakshmi symbolize?

A

Goddess of light and luck,

Vahana: owl

38
Q

Who is Parvati and what does she symbolize?

A

beautiful goddess, makes passionate love to Shiva

Vahana: lion

39
Q

What is Vahana?

A

various goddesses have their own vahana (animal messengers)

40
Q

What is tilak(a)?

A

bindi, colored dot on the forehead

41
Q
  1. Vedas, Brahmanas, and Upanishads
A

a. Include hymns, rituals, and philosophy

42
Q
  1. Moksha
A

a. Is liberation from samsara

b. Can be achieved by Brahmin priests

43
Q
  1. Bhakti yoga emphasizes
A

a. Puja to gods in order to receive blessings

44
Q
  1. Madhva (1238 – 1317) is assoiated with
A

a. Dvaita Vedanta

45
Q
  1. Durga
A

a. Is a warrior goddess
b. Is a champion of justice
c. Rides a lion or a tiger
d. Is associated with rats

Religion (4 decks)

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