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Functional Anatomy > Hip > Flashcards

Hip Flashcards

1
Q

What are the actions of Iliopsoas muscle? (iliacus muscle & Psoas major muscle)

A

Hip flexion

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2
Q

What are the origins, insertions and innervation of Iliopsoas?

A

Origin: iliacus: medial aspect of iliac crest of ilium / Psoas major: vertebral body of T12 to L5
Insertion: Join together to insert in lesser trochanter
Innervation: iliacus: femoral nerve (L2-4) / Psoas major: anterior rami of spinal nerves (L1-3)

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3
Q

What are the roles of Rectus Femoris muscle?

A

Hip flexor & Knee extensor

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4
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Rectus Femoris?

A

Origin: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)
Insertion: Superior border of patella (top of patella)
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-4)

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5
Q

What are the actions of Pectineus muscle?

A

Hip adduction and Hip flexion

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6
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Pectineus muscle?

A

Origin: superior pubic ramus
Insertion: Pectineal line of femur, linea aspera of femur
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-3) (Obturator nerve: L2-3)

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7
Q

What are the actions of Sartorius muscle?

A

Hip flexor, Knee flexor, external/lateral rotator

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8
Q

Which muscles are hip flexors?

A

Iliopsoas (iliacus & Psoas major), Rectus Femoris, Pectineus & Sartorius

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9
Q

Which muscles are hip extensors?

A

Gluteus Maximus, long head of Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus

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10
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and innervation of Gluteus Maximus?

A

Origin: lateroposterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, iliac crest of ilium
Insertion: iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1-S2)

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11
Q

Which muscles are hip abductors?

A

Gluteus Maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle

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12
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of gluteus medius?

A

Origin: gluteal surface of ilium
Insertion: lateral aspect of great trochanter of femur
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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13
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of gluteus minimus?

A

Origin: gluteal surface of ilium
Insertion: anterior aspect of greater trochanter of femur
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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14
Q

What are the origin, insertion, and innervation of Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle?

A

Origin: outer lip of anterior iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Insertion: lateral condyle of tibia (through iliotibial tract)
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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15
Q

Which muscles are hip adductors?

A

Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, Pectineus & Gracilis muscle (3 ducks pecking grass)

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16
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of adductor magnus muscle?

A

Origin: adductor part: inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus / ischiocondylar part: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera (medial lip), medial supracondylar line / ischiocondylar part: adductor tubercle of femur
Innervation: adductor part: Obturator nerve (L2-4) / ischiocondylar part: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4)

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17
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of adductor brevis muscle?

A

Origin: anterior body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: linea aspera of femur (medial lip)
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2-4)

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18
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of adductor longus muscle?

A

Origin: body of pubis, inferior to pubic crest and lateral to the pubic symphysis
Insertion: middle third of linea aspera of femur (medial lip), furthest point is medial supracondylar adductor hiatus
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2-4)

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19
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Gracilis muscle?

A

Origin: anterior body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus
Insertion: medial surface of proximal tibia (through pes anserinus)
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2-3)

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20
Q

What muscles are responsible for hip internal rotation?

A

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle

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21
Q

What is the space between pubis and ischium and what is attached there?

A

Obturator foramen, Obturator membrane

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22
Q

What muscles are responsible for hip external rotation?

A

Obturator internus, Obturator externus, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, Piriformis, Quadratus Femoris & Gluteus Maximus

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23
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Obturator internus muscle?

A

Origin: posterior surface of the Obturator membrane, bony boundaries of the Obturator foramen
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
Innervation: nerve to Obturator internus (L5 & S1)

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24
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Obturator externus muscle?

A

Origin: anterior surface of Obturator membrane, bony boundaries of Obturator foramen
Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L3-4)

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25
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Superior Gemellus muscle?

A

Origin: ischial spine
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur (through tendon of obturator internus)
Innervation: nerve to Obturator internus (L5-S1)

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26
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of inferior gemellus?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur (through tendon of Obturator internus)
Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-5, S1)

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27
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Piriformis?

A

Origin: anterior surface of sacrum (between S2 & S4), gluteal surface of ilium (near posterior inferior iliac spine)
Insertion: (apex of) greater trochanter of the femur
Innervation: nerve to piriformis (S1-2)

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28
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Quadratus Femoris muscle?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: intertrochanteric crest of femur
Innervation: nerve to Quadratus Femoris (L4-S1)

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29
Q

What muscles are knee flexors?

A

Posterior side: Gastrocnemius (lateral & medial head), Biceps Femoris (Long & short head), Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus muscle
Anterior side: Sartorius, Gracilis muscle

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30
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Gastrocnemius (lateral & medial head)?

A

Origin: lateral head: posterolateral aspect of lateral condyle of the femur / medial head: posterior surface of medial femoral condyle, popliteal surface of femoral shaft
Insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus through calcaneal tendon
Innervation: Tibial nerve (S1-S2)

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31
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Biceps Femoris (long & short head)?

A

Origin: long head: ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament / short head: linea aspera of femur (lateral lip), lateral supracondylar line of femur
Insertion: (lateral aspect of) head of fibula
Innervation: long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2) / short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

32
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Semitendinosus?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: proximal end of tibia below medial condyle
Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

33
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Semimembranosus?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial condyle of tibia
Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

34
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Sartorius muscle?

A

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Insertion: proximal end of tibia below medial condyle
Innervation: femoral nerve (L2-3)

35
Q

Which knee flexors all insert in the medial side to tibial tuberosity / proximal end of tibia below medial condyle?

A

Semitendinosus, Sartorius and Gracilis

36
Q

What muscles are knee extensors?

A

Quadriceps - Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius and Vastus Medialis AND Tensor Fasciae Latae

37
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Quadriceps except Rectus Femoris?

A

Origin: Vastus medialis: intertrochanteric line, pectineal line of femur, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line of femur / vastus lateralis: intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera of femur / vastus intermedius: anterior surface of femoral shaft
Insertion: vastus medialis: tibial tuberosity (through patellar ligament), patella (medial condyle of tibia) / vastus lateralis: tibial tuberosity (through patellar ligament), patella (lateral condyle of tibia) / vastus intermedius: tibial tuberosity (through patellar ligament), patella
Innervation: femoral nerve (L2-4)

38
Q

What muscles are responsible for knee medial rotation?

A

Popliteus, Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitendinosus & Semimembranosus

39
Q

What muscles are responsible for knee lateral rotation?

A

Biceps Femoris (Long & short head)

40
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Popliteus?

A

Origin: lateral condyle of femur, posterior horn of lateral meniscus of knee joint
Insertion: Posterior surface of proximal tibia
Innervation: Tibial nerve (L4-S1)

41
Q

What is the relationship of Popliteus and knee lock?

A

Popliteus, as a medial rotator, generate rotation in knee extension. During the closed chain phase of the gait cycle, the foot is in contact with the ground. The tibia is laterally rotated (about 5º) on the femur, which “locks” the knee joint. With the tibia fixed in position, the popliteus muscle acts on its origin and laterally rotates the femur on the tibia. This movement “unlocks” the knee and allows flexion to occur.

During the open chain (swing) phase of the gait cycle, the foot is above the ground and the tibia is free to move. Therefore, the popliteus muscle can act on its insertion to medially rotate the tibia on the femur. This action provides stability to the tibia during knee flexion.

It also attaches to the meniscus that pull the lateral meniscus backwards and stops it from trapped in knee flexion, allow accessory movemen and stabilize the joint

42
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Medial Collateral ligament (MCL)?

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the femur
Insertion: medial condyle of the tibia
Innervation: medial articulate nerve, a branch of the saphenous nerve

43
Q

What is the function of MCL?

A

Prevent valgus displacement (abduction of a joint that does not abduct) / provides valgus stability

44
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Lateral Collateral ligament?

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the femur
Insertion: fibula head
Innervation: common fibular nerve

45
Q

What is the function of LCL?

A

Prevents varus displacement (adduction of joint that does not adduct) / provides varus stability

46
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL)?

A

Origin: anterior intercondylar area of tibia
Insertion: lateral femoral condyle
Innervation: posterior articulate branches of tibial nerve

47
Q

What is the function of ACL?

A

Prevents anterior tibial displacement

48
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCL)?

A

Origin: posterior intercondylar area of tibia
Insertion: medial femoral condyle
Innervation: branches of tibial nerve

49
Q

What is the function of PCL?

A

Prevents posterior tibial displacement

50
Q

What muscles are dorsiflexors?

A

Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus & Fibularis Tertius

51
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Extensor Digitorum Longus?

A

Origin: (proximal end of) medial surface of fibula, lateral tibial condyle, interosseus membrane
Insertion: 2nd to 5th phalanges
Innervation: deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

52
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Extensor Hallucis Longus?

A

Origin: middle third of medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx of great toe
Innervation: distal fibular nerve (L5, S1)

53
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Fibularis Tertius?

A

Origin: medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane, anterior intermuscular septum
Insertion: dorsal surface of base of 5th metatarsal
Innervation: deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

54
Q

What muscles are plantarflexors?

A

Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus, Soleus, Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, Fibularis Longus, Fibularis Brevis

55
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Tibialis Posterior muscle?

A

Origin: posterior surface of tibia, posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform, cuboid, bases of 2nd to 4th metatarsal
Innervation: Tibial nerve (L4-5)

56
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Flexor Digitorum Longus?

A

Origin: Posterior surface of tibia
Insertion: Bases of distal 2nd to 5th phalanges
Innervation: tibial nerve (L5, S1-2)

57
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Flexor Hallucis Longus?

A

Origin: Posterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane, posterior intermuscular septum of leg, fascia of tibialis posterior muscle
Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of great toe
Innervation: Tibial nerve (S2-3)

58
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Soleus?

A

Origin: Soleal line, medial border of tibia, head of fibula, posterior border of fibula
Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
Innervation: Tibial nerve (S1-2)

59
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Plantaris muscle?

A

Origin: lateral supracondylar line of femur, oblique popliteal ligament of knee
Insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus (through calcaneal ligament)
Innervation: tibial nerve (S1-2)

60
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Fibularis Longus?

A

Origin: head of fibula, proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula, intermuscular septa
Insertion: medial cuneiform bone, 1st metatarsal
Innervation: superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1)

61
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Fibularis Brevis?

A

Origin: Distal 2/3 of the lateral surface of fibula, anterior inermuscular septum
Insertion: Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
Innervation: superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1)

62
Q

What are the dorsal muscles of the foot?

A

Extensor Digitorum Brevis, Extensor Hallucis Brevis, Dorsal Interosseous muscles

63
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?

A

Origin: Superolateral surface of calcaneus bone, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
Insertion: Extensor Digitorum Longus of 2nd-4th tendons
Innervation: Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L5,S1)

64
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Extensor Hallucis Brevis?

A

Origin: superolateral surface of calcaneus
Insertion: proximal phalanx of great toe
Innervation: deep fibular/peroneal nerve (S1-2)

65
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Dorsal interossei muscles?

A

Origin: opposing sides of metatarsals
Insertion: 1st: medial base of proximal phalanx / 2nd-4th: lateral bases of proximal phalanges
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S2-3)

66
Q

What are the plantar muscles of the foot?

A

Superficial: Abductor Digiti Minimi, Abductor Hallucis, Flexor Digitorum Brevis
2nd layer: Quadratus Plantae, Lumbricals
3rd layer: Flexor Digiti Minimi, Flexor Hallucis Brevis, Traverse Head of Adductor Hallucis, Oblique Head of Adductor Hallucis
4th layer: Plantar Interossei

67
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Abductor Digiti Minimi?

A

Origin: calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: Proximal phalanx of 5th metatarsal
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S1-3)

68
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Abductor Hallucis?

A

Origin: calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: proximal phalanx of great toe
Innervation: medial plantar nerve (S1-3)

69
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?

A

Origin: calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: 2th-5th phalanges
Innervation: medial plantar nerve (S1-3)

70
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Quadratus Plantae?

A

Origin: medial surface of calcaneus, calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion: tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S1-3)

71
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of lumbricals of foot?

A

Origin: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Insertion: proximal phalanges of 2th-5th metatarsals / extensor hood mechanism
Innervation: 1st lumbrical: medial plantar nerve (S2-3) / 2nd-4th lumbrical: lateral plantar nerve (S2-3)

72
Q

What is the extensor hood mechanism of the foot?

A

Flexing metatarsal phalangeal joints while maintaining interphalangeal joints in a bit of extension

73
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Flexor Digiti Minimi?

A

Origin: 5th metatarsal
Insertion: proximal phalanx of 5th metatarsal
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S2-3)

74
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?

A

Origin: Tendon of tibialis posterior, medial cuneiform bone, lateral cuneiform bone, cuboid bone
Insertion: lateral and medial aspect of proximal phalanx of great toe
Innervation: medial plantar nerve (S1-2)

75
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Traverse Head of Adductor Hallucis?

A

Origin: plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments of toes 3-5, deep transverse metatarsal ligaments of toes 3-5
Insertion: lateral aspect of proximal phalanx of great toe
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S2-3)

76
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Oblique Head of Adductor Hallucis?

A

Origin: bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals, cuboid bone, lateral cuneiform bone, tendon of fibularis longus
Insertion: lateral aspect of proximal phalanx of great toe
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S2-3)

77
Q

What are the origin, insertion and innervation of Plantar interossei?

A

Origin: medial aspects of 3rd-5th metatarsals
Insertion: proximal phalanges of 3rd-5th metatarsals
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S2-3)

Functional Anatomy (1 decks)

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