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Advanced Orthopedics > Hip > Flashcards

Hip Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Harris Hip Score used for?

A

Measures hip disability with ADL and SPORT subscales

Lower scores indicate higher levels of disability.

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2
Q

What does the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) measure?

A

24 items assessing physical function, pain, and stiffness

Higher scores indicate worse pain, stiffness, and functional limitations.

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3
Q

What is the typical acetabular orientation?

A

Lateral, Anterior, and Slightly Inferior

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4
Q

What is the normal femoral neck angle?

A

125 degrees

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5
Q

Define Coxa Vara and Coxa Valga.

A

Coxa Vara < 125 degrees; Coxa Valga > 125 degrees

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6
Q

What is Femoral Anteversion?

A

Femoral neck and shaft torsion of >25 degrees, often resulting in toe-in posture

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7
Q

What is the Miserable Malalignment Syndrome?

A

Combination of rotational and angular deformities in lower extremities

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8
Q

What does the Iliofemoral Ligament limit?

A

Limits external rotation and adduction

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9
Q

What are the normal ranges of hip ROM?

A
  • Flexion: 120°
  • Extension: 20°
  • Abduction: 40°
  • Adduction: 20°
  • Internal Rotation: 45°
  • External Rotation: 45°
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10
Q

What is the significance of the FADIR test?

A

Used to assess for Femoral Acetabular Impingement

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The SINNS approach is used to assess _______.

A

acuity

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12
Q

True or False: Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of hip pain in older adults.

A

True

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13
Q

List three factors associated with the development of hip osteoarthritis.

A
  • Acetabular retroversion
  • Higher BMI
  • Lower socioeconomic status
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14
Q

What is the significance of the updated OA criteria by Cibulka?

A

Includes age, pain during weight-bearing, morning stiffness, and range of motion limitations

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15
Q

What does the term ‘capsular laxity’ refer to?

A

Increased joint mobility due to lax joint capsule

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16
Q

What are common symptoms of iliopsoas bursitis?

A

Anteriomedial thigh pain, hip snapping, pain worsens with activity

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the Adductor Squeeze test?

A

To differentiate groin pain origins

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18
Q

What does the Puranen-Orava test assess?

A

Proximal hamstring tendinopathy

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19
Q

What are the CPR factors for using Manual Therapy & Exercise in hip pain?

A
  • Unilateral hip pain
  • Age ≤ 58 years
  • Pain ≥ 6/10
  • 40-m SPWT score ≤ 25.9 seconds
  • Duration of symptoms ≤ 1 year
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20
Q

What is the common age range for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?

A

Occurs in childhood, ages 4-10

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21
Q

What is the purpose of the Trendelenburg test?

A

To assess gluteus medius strength and hip stability

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: The FABER test is used for assessing _______.

A

hip joint pathology

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23
Q

What is the significance of the McCarthy sign?

A

Used to assess for labral tears in the hip

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24
Q

What condition is associated with the term ‘Meralgia Paresthetica’?

A

Entrapment of the lateral cutaneous nerve

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25
Avulsion Fracture
* Age: Adolescents * Sex: Male > Female * Occupational/Other Factors: Athletes; sudden, forceful muscle contractions * Notes: Often related to sports requiring high-speed or high-force leg movements.
26
Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head
* Age: 20–50 years * Sex: Male > Female * Occupational/Other Factors: o Trauma (Dislocation, Femoral Head Fracture) o Corticosteroids o Alcohol abuse o Sickle Cell Disease * Notes: May lead to collapse of the femoral head and secondary arthritis.
27
Myositis Ossificans (Heterotopic Ossification)
* Age: Young adults (post-trauma) * Sex: Male * Occupational/Other Factors: Seen in paraplegics and athletes * Notes: Bone tissue forms inside muscle or soft tissues after trauma.
28
Femoral Neck Stress Fracture
* Age: Younger athletes * Sex: Female > Male (especially in Female Athlete Triad) * Occupational/Other Factors: o Runners o High-impact sports * Notes: Risk increases with energy deficiency and menstrual dysfunction.
29
Osteoid Osteoma
* Age: 5–25 years (Children & young adults) * Sex: Males * Occupational/Other Factors: Former trauma * Notes: Benign bone tumor causing night pain, relieved by NSAIDs.
30
Hip Osteoarthritis (OA)
* Age: Older adults * Sex: Female * Occupational/Other Factors: o Obesity o Genetics o Repetitive stress o Mechanical trauma * Notes: Progressive degeneration of articular cartilage.
31
IT Band Syndrome
* Age: 15–50 years * Sex: Equal among men and women * Occupational/Other Factors: o Athletes doing repetitive movements (e.g., runners, cyclists) * Notes: Lateral hip/knee pain caused by friction over the greater trochanter or lateral femoral epicondyle.
32
Gluteus Medius Tendinopathy
* Age: 40–60 years * Sex: Women > Men * Occupational/Other Factors: o Gradual onset due to increased load * Notes: Often misdiagnosed as bursitis; pain over greater trochanter.
33
Hip Partial Labral Tear
* Age: Not age-related * Sex: Equal in both sexes * Occupational/Other Factors: o Trauma (e.g., falls, MVAs) o Hyperextension injuries * Notes: May cause mechanical symptoms (clicking, catching).
34
Iliopsoas Bursitis
* Age: Across lifespan * Sex: No sex bias * Occupational/Other Factors: o Arthritis (RA, psoriatic arthritis) o Overuse injuries * Notes: Pain in anterior hip/groin; aggravated by hip flexion.
35
Trochanteric Bursitis / Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome
* Age: Middle-aged adults (especially women) * Sex: Women > Men * Occupational/Other Factors: o Overuse of glute med/min o Iliotibial band tightness * Notes: Lateral hip pain worsened by lying on side or walking.
36
Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI)
* Age: o Cam Type: Teens–20s (Male > Female) o Pincer Type: 30–40s (Female > Male) * Occupational/Other Factors: o Young, athletic individuals * Notes: Abnormal contact between femur and acetabulum; can lead to labral tears and OA.
37
What are the early symptoms of an avulsion fracture for the hip?
Swelling, pain, limited mobility
38
What are the later symptoms of an avulsion fracture for the hip?
Instability, impaired mobility, nerve damage
39
What is the initial symptom of Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head?
Usually asymptomatic ## Footnote Early stages often show no symptoms.
40
What are the later symptoms of Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head?
Stiffness, antalgic gait, pain in leg, buttock, groin, thigh ## Footnote Symptoms progress as the condition worsens.
41
What is the initial symptom of Myositis Ossificans?
Painful, tender, enlarging mass, decreased ROM ## Footnote ROM stands for Range of Motion
42
What characterizes the later progression of Myositis Ossificans?
Persistent swelling; immature bone progresses into mature lamellar cortical and trabecular bone
43
What are the early symptoms of a Femoral Neck Stress Fracture?
Local pain and edema, pain increases during activity, painful and limited hip or knee AROM or PROM, anterior groin pain
44
What signifies the later progression of a Femoral Neck Stress Fracture?
If <50% width of femoral neck = no surgery with WB restrictions. If >50% width of femoral neck = surgical screw fixation is indicated
45
What is the initial symptom of Osteoid Osteoma?
Mild pain early on in the condition, mostly in legs ## Footnote Pain may worsen over time.
46
How does the pain of Osteoid Osteoma progress over time?
Severe dull sometimes sharp pain, most often at night ## Footnote This indicates a progression of the condition.
47
What are some physical signs associated with IT Band Syndrome?
May have warmth and redness on outside of knee; pain/tenderness on palpation to the lateral knee, superior to joint line
48
What activities commonly exacerbate IT Band Syndrome?
Walking, climbing/descending stairs, cycling
49
Where is localized pain felt in Glut Medius Tendinopathy?
Lateral hip and greater trochanter.
50
What are some areas where pain may travel in Glut Medius Tendinopathy?
Pain can travel down the leg, into the thigh, and may go as far as the knee.
51
What are the common symptoms of a Hip Partial Labral Tear?
Pain in anterior hip, groin with possible popping, clicking, catching, limitations in range of motion ## Footnote Symptoms may include sensations of instability.
52
What symptoms are associated with Iliopsoas Bursitis?
Pain in the anteromedial aspect of the thigh, radiating to the knee, hip snapping, worse with activities, relieved with rest. ## Footnote Symptoms can vary based on activity level and severity of inflammation.
53
Which movements can exacerbate Iliopsoas Bursitis?
Hip flexion/extension, running uphill, internal rotation, adduction, and flexion. ## Footnote Activities that involve repetitive hip motion can worsen symptoms.
54
How can weakened gluteal and hip muscles affect a person with Iliopsoas Bursitis?
They could cause hip instability in gait over time, potentially worsening the 'snapping' feeling. ## Footnote Muscle weakness may lead to compensatory movements that exacerbate bursitis symptoms.
55
True or False: Iliopsoas Bursitis pain is typically relieved with activity.
False. ## Footnote Pain is usually worsened by activity and relieved with rest.
56
How does the pain evolve in Trochanteric Bursitis?
Pain becomes more of an ache and spreads across a larger area of the hip
57
Where is the pain located in Trochanteric Bursitis?
Lateral aspect of hip that may radiate down thigh
58
What activities may aggravate the pain in Trochanteric Bursitis?
Ascending stairs, lying down on affected side
59
What is one symptom of femoral acetabular impingement related to hip flexibility?
Inability to flex hip beyond right angle ## Footnote This indicates a limitation in hip movement due to impingement.
60
Where is the pain often felt in cases of hip impingement?
P! in groin area, particularly after hip has been flexed ## Footnote Pain may also occur in the hip, groin, and low back.
61
What might be a symptom of femoral acetabular impingement after running or jumping?
P! in groin area ## Footnote This pain typically follows activities involving hip flexion.
62
What is a common symptom of hip impingement experienced while sitting?
Pain with sitting ## Footnote This discomfort can affect daily activities and prolonged sitting.

Advanced Orthopedics (8 decks)

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