Hip

Question 1

What 3 arteries supply the femoral head?

Answer 1

1. Medial femoral circumflex artery
2. Lateral femoral circumflex artery
3. Artery of the ligamentum teres

Question 2

What are fractures of the femoral head associated with?

Answer 2

Hip dislocation

Question 3

What are 2 major complications of femoral head fractures

Answer 3

Osteonecrosis

Post traumatic arthritis

Question 4

What is the diagnostic modality of choice in occult hip fractures?

Answer 4

MRI

Alternative: bone scan

Question 5

What are the high and low energy mechanisms of injury for hip fractures?

Answer 5

Low energy:
1. Direct - fall on greater trochanter or forced external rotation of lower extremity
2. Indirect - muscle forces overwhelm the strength of the femoral neck
High energy:
MVC, fall from height

Stress fractures

Question 6

What are 5 complications after a surgically repaired hip fracture?

Answer 6

Osteonecrosis (AVN)
Nonunion
DVT
Subluxation/dislocation
Periprosthetic fracture
Loose hardware
Bleeding
Infection

Question 7

How do hip fractures typically present (clinical)

Answer 7

Inability to weight bear
Shortened
Externally rotations

Question 8

Where is the anatomical location of a subtrochanteric fracture?

Answer 8

Between the lesser trochanter and 5 cm below