Hip and Pelvis Flashcards by ErikaMay Guquib

The upper medial quadrant is supplied by

Posterior rami of upper three lumbar nerves and upper three sacral nerves

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The upper lateral quadrant is supplied by

Lateral branches of the iliohypogastric (L1) and 12th thoracic nerves (anterior rami)

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The lower lateral quadrant is supplied by

Branches from the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L2 and 3, anterior rami)

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The lower medial quadrant is supplied by

Branches from the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (S1, 2, and 3 and anterior rami)

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Contains a lot of fat and thicker in women. It contributes to the prominence of the buttocks

Superficial Fascia

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Continuous below with the deep fascia of the thigh

Deep Fascia

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Continuation of the deep fascia on the lateral surface of the thigh and it is thickened to form a strong, wide band that is attached above to the tubercle of the iliac crest and below to the lateral condyle of the tibia

Iliotibial tract or Iliotibial band

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Drains the medial end of the dorsal venous arch of the foot and passes upward directly in front of the medial malleolus

Great Saphenous Vein

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The blood and nerve supply of anterior fascial compartments of the thigh

Femoral artery and nerve

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Muscles located in Anterior Fascial compartments of thigh

Sartorius, iliacus, psoas, pectineus, and quadriceps femoris

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The components of quadriceps femoris muscle

Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus intermedius

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An intermuscular cleft situated on the medial aspect of the middle third of the thigh beneath the sartorius muscle

Adductor Canal

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Blood and nerve supply of medial fascial compartments of the thigh

Profunda femoris and obturator artery

Obturator nerve

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Muscles of medial fascial compartments of the thigh

Gracilis
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Obturator externus

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Blood and nerve supply of posterior fascial compartments of thigh

Branches of the profunda femoris artery

Sciatic nerve

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Muscle of posterior fascial compartment of the thigh

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Adductor magnus (hamstring portion)

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What kind of joint is the hip joint

Synovial ball-and-socket joint

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A strong inverted Y-shaped ligament and prevents overextension during standing

Iliofemoral ligament

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A triangular ligament that limits extension and abduction

Pubofemoral ligament

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A spiral shaped ligament that limits extension

Ischiofemoral ligament

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This ligament is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch

Transverse acetabular ligament

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This ligament is flat and triangular which is unsheathed by synovial membrane

Ligament of the head of the femur

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When the knee is flexed, flexion is limited by the

Anterior surface of the thigh coming into contact with the anterior abdominal wall

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When the knee is extended, flexion is limited by

The tension of the hamstring group of muscles

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What ligament limits the tension of abduction

Pubofemoral ligament

What ligaments limit the tension of lateral rotation

Iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligament

What ligament limits the tension of medial rotation

Ischiofemoral ligament

When the hip is extended, these ligaments limit the tension

Iliofemoral Pubofemoral Ischiofemoral

Muscles whose action is flexion

Iliopsoas Rectus Femoris Sartorius Adductor Muscles

Muscles whose action is extension

Gluteus Maximus | Hamstrings

Muscles whose action is abduction

Gluteus Medius & Minimus | assisted by sartorius, tensor fascia latae, piriformis

Muscles whose action is adduction

``` Adductor longus and brevis Adductor magnus (fibers) assisted by pectineus and gracilis ```

Muscles whose action is lateral rotation

Piriformis Obturator internus and externus Superior and Inferior Gemelli Quadratus Femoris

Muscles whose action is medial rotation

Gluteus medius and minimus (anterior fibers) | Tensor Fascia Latae

The extensor group of muscles is powerful than the

Flexor group

The lateral rotators are more powerful than the

Medial rotators

Pelvic Inlet (Ante, Poste, Late)

Anteriorly: Symphysis Pubis Posteriorly: Promontory of sacrum, ala of sacrum Laterally: Iliopectineal (arcuate) lines

Pelvic Oulet (Ante, Poste, Late)

Anteriorly: Symphysis Pubis Posteriorly: Coccyx Anterolaterally: ischiopubic ramus Posterolaterally: Sacrotuberous ligament

Shallowest wall and is formed by the posterior surfaces of the bodies of the pubic bones, the pubic rami, and the symphysis pubis

Anterior Pelvic Wall

Large wall and formed by sacrum, coccyx, and piriformis muscles. Covered by the parietal pelvic fascia

Posterior Pelvic Wall

Lateral rotator of hip joint and it is inserted into the upper border of the greater trochanter of the femur

Piriformis Muscle

Formed by part of the hip bone, obturator membrane, sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, and obturator internus muscle

Lateral Pelvic Wall

These two ligaments form the greater and lesser sciatic foramina

Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous ligament

This muscle is a lateral rotator of the femur at the hip joint

Obturator Internus

A basin-like structure wall which supports the pelvic viscera and is formed by the pelvic diaphragm. It stretches across the true pelvis and divides it into true pelvic and perineum.

Inferior Pelvic Wall

Pelvic Diaphragm consists of

Levator ani & coccygeus muscles

A wide thin sheet originating from the back of the body of the pubis and divided into anterior, intermediate, and posterior fibers

Levator Ani Muscles

The origin of this muscle is in the back of the body of the pubis, tendinous arch of the obturator fascia and spine of ischium

Levator Ani Muscle

The anterior fibers of the Levator Ani

Levator Prostate | Sphincter Vaginae

The intermediate fibers of Levator Ani

Puborectalis- important in fecal continence | Pubococcygeaus

The posterior fibers of Levator Ani

Iliococcygeus | Coccygeus

Nerve supply of Levator Ani

Perineal branch of the 4th sacral and pudendal nerve

A small but limited amount of movement is possible at these joints

Sacroiliac joints

The counternutation of sacrum & coccyx

Coccyx moves anteriorly

The nutation of ischial tuberosities

move apart

The counternutation of iliac crest

Approximately

The nutation of sacral promontory

Moves inferiorly & anteriorly

There is almost no movement possible at this joint

Symphysis pubis joint

Extensive flexion and extension are possible at this joint

Sacrococcygeal joint

Provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg, the entire foot and part of the pelvis

Sacral Plexus

Anterior contents of Pelvic Cavity

UB | male & female internal organs

Posterior contents

Sigmoid colon | Rectum

A diamond-shaped region positioned inferiorly to the pelvic floor between the thighs

Perineum

Perineum is bounded laterally by

Ischial Tuberosity

Perineum is bounded posterolaterally by

Sacrotuberous ligament

Anterior Pelvic Tilt

Pelvis moves anteriorly ASIS is forward Pubic Symphysis moves backward Shearing stress on L5-S1 joint

Posterior Pelvic Tilt

Pelvis tilted posteriorly ASIS is backward Pubic symphysis moves forward Compression on L5-S1 joint

Characterized by a neck-shaft angle greater than 125 degrees. The angle is "straighter". Tends to make the limb longer, thus placing the hip in an adducted position during weight-bearing

Coxa Valga

A deformity in which the neck-shaft angle is less than the normal 125 degrees. It is "more bent" it tends to make the involved limb shorter, dropping the pelvis on that side during weight bearing

Coxa Vara

The angle between the shaft and the neck of the femur in the transverse plane

Angle of Torsion

Increase in angle which forces the hip joint into a more medially rotated position. This causes a person to walk more "toed in"

Anteversion

A decrease in the angle of torsion and forces the hip joint into a more laterally rotated position causing the person to walk more "toed out"

Retroversion

Pelvic surface of symphysis pubis faces

Upward and backward

Pelvic surface of anterior surface of sacrum

Forward and downward

A gap in the deep fascia in the front of thigh just below the inguinal ligament

Saphenous opening

Lower lateral border of the opening, which lies anterior to the femoral vessels

Falciform margin

The saphenous opening is filled with loose connective tissue

Cribrifrom fascia

False Pelvis is bounded by

Poste: Lumbar Vertebrae Laterally: Iliac fossae and the iliacus Ante: Lower part of the anterior abdominal wall (supports the abdominal contents)

Posterior Pelvic Wall is formed by

Sacrum Coccyx Piriformis

Actions of Levator Ani

1. Muscles of the two sides form an efficient muscular sling that supports and maintains the pelvic viscera in position 2. They resist the rise in intra pelvic pressure during the straining and expulsive efforts of the abdominal muscles (as in coughing) 3. They have a very important role in maintaining the fecal continence 4. They serve as a vaginal sphincter in the female

Stretches between the two sides of the pubic arch and covers the anterior part of the outlet

Perineal membrane

Irregular fibromuscular mass located between the anal canal and the perineal membrane

Perineal body

If there is right forward rotation of the pelvis, there is

left hip medial rotation

With right backward rotation of the pelvis, there is

left hip lateral rotation

Hip and Pelvis Flashcards

(84 cards)