Hip FINAL

Question 1

What type of joint is the hip

Answer 1

ball and socket

Question 2

why is the hip more stable than the shoulder

Answer 2

bone structure

number and strength of muscles/ligaments

Question 3

what makes up the socket of the hip

Answer 3

acetabulum

Question 4

the hip is formed at the juncture of the 3 bones of the pelvis:

Answer 4

1. ilium
2. ischium
3. pubis

Question 5

the acetabulum is aka the ______ bone

Answer 5

innominate

Question 6

the hip has a functional articular surface known as the _____ surface

Answer 6

lunate

Question 7

the lunate surface of the hip has a ring of articular cartilage that is thickest _____ and _____, and absent _____ where there is a notch

Answer 7

• superiorly
• posteriorly
• inferiorly

Question 8

what is the hip socket made deeper by?

Answer 8

rim of fibrocartilage called the labrum

Question 9

what type of pressure is present between labrum and joint? what does this contribute to?

Answer 9

hydrostatic pressure

- lubrication and stability

Question 10

what makes up the ball of the hip

Answer 10

head of femur

Question 11

the head of the femur is covered with a thick articular cartilage, except for…

Answer 11

small central area called fovea

Question 12

what is so significant about the fovea

Answer 12

head of the femur attaches to the acetabulum here

Question 13

what is the body position where hip congruency is highest? (tightest fit)

Answer 13

quadruped position (on hands and knees)

Question 14

shape of pelvic inlet is more _____ in females

Answer 14

oval

Question 15

iliac wings are more _____ in females

Answer 15

flared

Question 16

ischial tuberosity are _____ in male

Answer 16

narrower

Question 17

the Q angle is the angle between what 2 lines

Answer 17

1. middle of patella to ASIS

2. tibial tuberosity through center of patella

Question 18

whose Q angle is larger, male or female

Answer 18

female (further laterally)

Question 19

what is significant about a females Q angle?

Answer 19

predisposes her to knee injury/pain (when quads contract it pulls laterally instead of straight up)

Question 20

can Q angle be altered?

Answer 20

no. train quad strength to protect patella (vastus lateralis oblique)

Question 21

normal Q angle for males and females

Answer 21

male: 10 deg.
female: 15 deg.

Question 22

what happens if your Q angle is greater than 20 deg.

Answer 22

lateral patellar tracking and knee pain

Question 23

abnormally high femoral neck to shaft angle

Answer 23

coxa valga

Question 24

Abnormally low femoral neck to shaft angle

Answer 24

coxa vera

Question 25

Abnormally short neck of the femur. [head of femur sitting on shaft of femur]

Answer 25

coxa breva

Question 26

what is a normal angle of anteversion?

Answer 26

normal is 12 deg | >12 = anteversion

Question 27

how is anteverted hip observed? retroverted ?

Answer 27

anteverted: toeing in retroverted: toeing out

Question 28

PM's hip flexion? Normal deg?

Answer 28

rectus femoris iliacus psoas major - 0-125 deg

Question 29

PM's hip extension? Normal deg.

Answer 29

``` Biceps femoris Gluteus Maximus Semimembranosis Semitendinosus - 0-20 deg ```

Question 30

PM's Hip Abduction? Normal deg?

Answer 30

Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor Fascia Latae - 0-45 deg.

Question 31

PM's of hip adduction? Normal deg.?

Answer 31

``` Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Gracilis - 0-30 deg. ```

Question 32

PM's hip internal rotation? Normal deg.?

Answer 32

(same as abduction) | - 0-45 deg.

Question 33

PM's hip external rotation? Normal deg?

Answer 33

Gluteus maximus Piriformis - 0-45 deg.

Question 34

during gait, the hip flexes between ___-___ deg. during swing phase

Answer 34

30-40

Question 35

During ____ phase, the hip extends past neutral to a few degrees of extension

Answer 35

stance

Question 36

The hip ______ rotates during most of the stance phase, then _____ rotates just before toe off and stays in ____ ___ until the end of the swing phase

Answer 36

internally externally external rotation

Question 37

when you are standing upright on 2 feet how much contraction from hip musculature occurs

Answer 37

very little

Question 38

when you stand on 1 leg what contracts to keep you stabilized

Answer 38

abductors strongly contract

Question 39

during normal walking joint reaction forces (JRF) in the hip are __x body weight in males and __x in females. Why?

Answer 39

7x, 4x | - wider pelvis in females (less force for same torque)

Question 40

as speed of walking increases, ____ increases

Answer 40

JRF | joint reaction forces

Question 41

recommendations for hip pain

Answer 41

- cushioned shoes - walk slower (low JRF) - use cane (low JRF) - regular exercises (swimming)