Hip joint (486-495)

Question 1

What are the main surgical approaches to the hip joint?;

Answer 1

Anterior- lateral cutaneous nerve at risk.

Anterolateral approach- superior gluteal nerve at risk.

Posterior approach (most common)- sciatic nerve at risk.

Question 2

What nerves are at risk with each approach to the hip joint?;

Answer 2

Anterior- lateral cutaneous nerve at risk.
Anterolateral approach- superior gluteal nerve at risk.
Posterior approach (most common)- sciatic nerve at risk.

Question 3

What is the innervation of the gluteal muscles?;

Answer 3

Gluteus maximus- inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2). Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus- superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1). Tensor fascia lata- superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1).

Question 4

Name the main flexor muscles of the hip;

Answer 4

Iliacus and psoas major (iliopsoas), Rectus femoris, Sartorius

(Muscles which cross thr hip joint)

Question 5

What is the nerve supply to the main flexor muscles of the hip?;

Answer 5

Iliacus- femoral nerve. Psoas major- anterior rami L1-3. Rectus femoris- femoral nerve. Sartorius- femoral nerve

Question 6

What are the extensors of the hip joint?;

Answer 6

Gluteus maximus (primary). Hamstrings- biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus.

Question 7

What muscles cause external rotation at the hip joint?;

Answer 7

POGO-Q muscles. Piriformis, Obturator Internus, Gemelli (superior and inferior), Obturator Externus, Quadratus femoris. (All insert to greater trochanter expect Obturator externus [trochanteric fossa] and quadratus femoris [quadrate tuberosity on intertro

Question 8

Name the boundaries of the femoral triangle;

Answer 8

Superior- inguinal ligament. Lateral- medial border of sartorius muscle. Medial- medial border of the adductor longus muscle. Roof- fascia lata. Floor- pectineus, iliopsoas

Question 9

Name the contents of the femoral triangle;

Answer 9

(lateral to medial) Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein (great saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein within triangle), femoral canal

Question 10

Name the contents of the femoral sheath;

Answer 10

Femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal. [All expect femoral nerve]