Hip & Proximal Lower Limb

Question 1

Superficial Fascia

Answer 1

Adipose tissue

Question 2

Deep Fascia

Answer 2

Dense fibrous connective tissue
2 types:
Fascia Lata
Crural Fascia

Question 3

Iliotibial Tract

Answer 3

Thickening of deep fascia laterally and used as attachment point for muscles

Question 4

Superficial Veins

Answer 4

Great Saphenous vein
Accessory Saphenous vein
Lateral and Anterior Cutaneous veins
Small Saphenous vein

Question 5

Great Saphenous & bypass

Answer 5

Occasionally harvest the vein and cut part of it to be used in the heart and as a vessel for blood flow

Question 6

Deep Veins

Answer 6

Venae comitantes
2 small veins “accompanying” arteries
Posteriral tibular artery & femoral artery

Question 7

Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 7

If clot breaks off from deep vein thrombosis, it can travel up to right side of heart and still pass thru due to veins diameter increase, once it reaches pulmonary circulation, it will get stuck and could lead to death if big enough blockage

Question 8

Inguinal Region

Answer 8

L1
Ilioinguinal & Iliohypogastric

Question 9

Medial Thigh

Answer 9

L2
Femoral

Question 10

Medial Knee

Answer 10

L3
Femoral

Question 11

Medial Malleolus

Answer 11

L4
Femoral (Saphenous)

Question 12

Lateral Leg

Answer 12

L5
Sciatic (common fibular)

Question 13

Lateral Foot

Answer 13

S1
Sciatic (common fibular)

Question 14

Sacral Sparing

Answer 14

Spinal/lower limb injury test to see if paralyzed or sensation of the limb, typically done in ER, look for “saddle” sensation, can feel prick in the lower limb showing sensation and not paralyzed, look for swelling & impairments

Question 15

Boundaries of Femoral Triangle

Answer 15

Inguinal ligament
Adductor longus
Sartorius

Question 16

Femoral Sheath

Answer 16

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral Canal (ring)

Question 17

Floor of Femoral Triangle

Answer 17

Pectineus
Iliopsoas

Question 18

Contents of Femoral Triangle

Answer 18

Femoral nerve
Femoral sheath
Femoral artery
Femoral vein

Question 19

Anterior Thigh Muscles

Answer 19

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris

Question 20

Pectineus

Answer 20

Attachments: superior ramus of pubis, pectineal line of the femure

Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2,L3)

Actions: Adduct/flex thigh; medial rotation of thigh

Question 21

Sartorius

Answer 21

Attachments: ASIS, superior part of medial condyle of femur

Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2,L3)

Actions: “tailor sitting” muscle; flex, abduct, externally rotate thigh; flex knee

Question 22

4 Heads of Quadriceps Femoris

Answer 22

Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius

Question 23

Rectus Femoris

Answer 23

Attachments: Patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity, AIIS

Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)

Action: Extend leg at knee joint; flex thigh at hip joint

Question 24

Vastus Lateralis

Answer 24

Attachments: Patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity, greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera

Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4)

Action: Extend leg at knee joint

Question 25

Vastus Medialis

Answer 25

Attachments: Patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity, intertrohcanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4) Action: Extend leg at knee joint

Question 26

Vastus Intermedius

Answer 26

Attachments: Patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity, anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2,L3, L4) Action: Extend leg at knee joint

Question 27

Medial Thigh Muscles

Answer 27

Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis Obturator Externus

Question 28

Adductor Longus

Answer 28

Attachments: body of pubis, middle 1/3 of linea aspera Innervation: Obturator nerve (L3) Actions: adduct thigh

Question 29

Adductor Brevis

Answer 29

Attachments: body of inferior ramus of pubis, pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera Innervation: Obturator nerve (L3) Actions: adduct and weakly flex thigh

Question 30

Adductor Magnus

Answer 30

Attachments: inferior ramus of pubis and ischial ramus, ischial tuberosity, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, adductor tubercle Innervation: Obturator nerve (L3) Actions: adduct and flex/extend thigh (depends on leg position)

Question 31

Gracilis

Answer 31

Attachments: Body and inferior ramus of pubis, superior part of medial surface of tibia Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2) Actions: adduct thigh; medially rotate and flex leg

Question 32

Obturator Externus

Answer 32

Attachments: margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane, trochanteric fossa of femur Innervation: obturator nerve Action: laterally rotate thigh

Question 33

Nerve of Anterior Thigh

Answer 33

Femoral Nerve (branches into saphenous nerve)

Question 34

Nerve of Medial Thigh

Answer 34

Obturator Nerve (Anterior and Posterior Branch)

Question 35

Anterior Obturator Branch

Answer 35

Adductor longus Adductor brevis

Question 36

Posterior Obturator Branch

Answer 36

Adductor magnus

Question 37

Arteries of the Thigh

Answer 37

Femoral Artery (1 major artery) Obturator Artery Deep Artery of Thigh Circumflex Femoral Arteries

Question 38

Boundaries of Adductor Canal

Answer 38

Anteriorly and laterally by vastus medialis Posteriorly by adductors longus and magnus Medially by sartorius

Question 39

Contents of Adductor Canal

Answer 39

Femoral Artery Femoral Vein Nerve to Vastus Medialis