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Hirad Flashcards

To get certified by the court of master sommeliers (221 cards)

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1
Q

What are the sweetness levels of Champagne?

A 
Champagne
Brut Nature/Zero Dosage: 0-3 g/L
Extra Brut: 0-6 g/L
Brut: 0-12 g/L
Extra Sec: 12-17 g/L
Sec: 17-32 g/L
Demi-Sec: 32-50 g/L
Doux: 50+ g/L
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2
Q

What are the sweetness levels of Sauternes and Barsac?

A

Sauternes and Barsac
Min. must weight: 221 g/L
Min. RS: 45 g/L

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3
Q

What are the German Pardikat levels?

A

Sweet to least sweet

Trockenbeerenauslese
Eiswein
Beerenauslese
Auslese
Spatlese
Kabinett
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4
Q

Which appellation in Austria has its own sweetness category and what are they?

A

Wachau Classifications
Steinfeder: min. 15 KMW (also max. 11.5% ABV)
Federspiel: min. 17 KMW (also 11.5-12.5% ABV)
Smaragd: min. 19 KMW (also min. 12.5% ABV)

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5
Q

What are the sweetness levels for Marsala?

A

Marsala
Secco: Max. 40 g/L
Semisecco: 40-100 g/L
Dolce: Min. 100 g/L

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6
Q

What are the aging requirements for Barolo and Barbaresco?

A

Barolo: min. 38 months with 18 in wood
Barolo Riserva: min. 62 months with 18 in wood
Barbaresco: min. 26 months with 9 in wood
Barbaresco Riserva: min. 50 months with 9 in wood

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7
Q

What are the aging requirements for Chianti and Brunello?

A

Chianti Classico: 1 year after harvest (12% ABV)
Chianti Riserva: 24 months with 3 in bottle (12.5% ABV)
Chianti Gran Selezione: 30 months with 3 in bottle (13% ABV)
Brunello: 5 years (min. 2 years in wood and 4 months in bottle)
Brunello Riserva: 6 years (min. 2 years in wood and 6 months in bottle)

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8
Q

What are the aging requirements for Rioja and Ribera Del Duero?

A

Crianza: min. 2 years with at least 1 in oak
Reserva: min. 3 years with at least 1 in oak
Gran Reserva: min. 3 years in bottle (2 years for Rioja) and min. 2 years in oak

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9
Q

What are the aging requirements for sparkling wines?

A 
Cremant: min. 9 months on lees
NV Champagne: min. 15 months after tirage, 12 of which is on lees
Vintage Champagne: min. 36 months after tirage
Franciacorta: min. 18 months
Vintage Franciacorta: min. 30 months
Cava: min. 9 months on lees
Cava Reserva: min. 18 months
Cava Gran Reserva: min. 30 months
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10
Q

What are the aging requirements for Sherry?

A

Jerez DO: min. 2 years in solera prior to release
VOS: 20 years average age
VORS: 30 years average age

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11
Q

What are the aging requirements for Port?

A

LBV Port: 4-6 years age
Reserva Tawny Port: 7+ years age
Colheita Vintage: 7+ years age
10/20/30/40 year Tawny

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12
Q

What are the aging requirements for Madeira?

A

Vinho de Estufagem: bottled 24 months after harvest
Rainwater: min. 3 years old
Seleccionado: min. 3 years old
Vinho de Canteiro: bottled 36 months after final fortification with 2 years in wood
Reserve: 5-10 years
Special Reserve: 10-15 years
Extra Reserve: 15-20 years
20/30/40 year
Colheita: bottled from Oct. 31 of the 5th year following the harvest
Frasqueira: 20 years in wood

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13
Q

Which white wines are typically produced off-dry?

A

Typically only Pinot Gris, Riesling, Gewurztraminer and Chenin Blanc are produced off-dry

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14
Q

Whats the only testable white wine that sees oak?

A

Chardonnay is the only testable white that sees oak

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15
Q

Which white wines typically see lees contact

A

Lees contact is prevalent in Chardonnay, Muscadet and to some extent Albarino

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16
Q

All Alsatian Grand cru’s produce single varietal wines made from one of the noble grapes. True or False?

A

False.
Zoltzenberg the only Alsatian Grand Cru that can grow 100% Sylvaner
Kaepperkopf and Altenberg de Bergheim only Alsation GCs that can use blends

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17
Q

Which appellation in Cote de nuit is the only one to produce rose?

A

In the Cote de Nuits, only Marsannay produces Rose

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18
Q

Which appellation in Cote de Beaune is the only grand cru appellation for red wine?

A

Corton is the Cote de Beaune’s only Grand Cru appellation for red (and is Burgundy’s largest Grand Cru appellation)

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19
Q

Which 2 appellations in Chablis AOP produce wine other than Chardonnay? And what are they?

A

In Chablis AOP, St. Bris makes Sauv Blanc and Irancy makes Pinot Noir

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20
Q

Which appellation in the Northern Rhone is the only one to produce reds from 100% Syrah

A

Cornas makes 100% Syrah in the Northern Rhone

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21
Q

Which First growth Bordeaux is the only one located outside of the Medoc? Where is it located?

A

Chateau Haut-Brion is the only 1855 classified first growth in Bordeaux outside of the Medoc (it’s located in Pessac-Leognan, in Graves)

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22
Q

In Pouilly-Fume, red wines are allowed. True or false?

A

False. Pouilly-Fume only makes whites while Sancerre makes a rouge from Pinot Noir

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23
Q

What is the most famous example of a super tuscan wine?

A

Piero Antinori’s Tignanello

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24
Q

What notes does lees contact in wine typically produce?

A

sourdough, brioche, toast, pastry

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25
What notes does malolactic fermentation produce in wine?
creamy mouthfeel, yogurty flavour
26
Typically, what notes does oak produce in wine?
n whites, caramel, toast and nuts; in reds, chocolate, coffee, cocoa, mocha, dill
27
What notes does carbonic maceration produce in wine?
maceration (fermented in the grape in a CO2-rich environment before crushing): lower tannin, fruitier, berries, bubblegum, banana
28
What is the climate in Bordeaux?
Moderate, maritime climate
29
What 2 rivers flow east and west in Bordeaux? Where do they meet?
Garonne River flows to the West, Dordogne River to the East, and the two meet at the Gironde Estuary
30
Bordeaux is the largest appellation in France by production. True or False
False. Largest appellation in France by area, second largest by production (Languedoc is largest by production)
31
What are the 3 general appellations for Bordeaux?
Bordeaux AOP Dry and off-dry whites; dry reds and roses Bordeaux Superieur AOP Sweet whites; dry reds and roses Cremant de Bordeaux AOP Traditional method aged for 9 months on lees, also roses
32
In the left bank (Medoc) , what is the dominant grape variety used in blends?
Cabernet Sauvignon
33
From north to south, name the Appellations of the Medoc. If there are first growth wines in an appellation, name those as well
``` Medoc Saint-Estephe Pauillac (Chateau Latour, Chateau Mouton Rothchilds, Chateau Lafite Rotchilds) Saint-Julien Haut-Medoc Listrac-Medoc Moulis Margaux (Chateau Margaux) Haut-Medoc ```
34
Name the most important Appellations in Graves from north to south.
Pessac-Leognan AOP Dry reds and whites; contains 1855 first growth Chateau Haut-Brion Graves AOP Dry reds and whites Graves Superieures AOP: Sweet whites hand harvested in successive tries Barsac AOP See Sauternes Sauternes AOP: Sweet, botrytis-affected whites hand harvest in successive tries Min. RS: 45 g/L; Min. must weight: 221 g/L
35
Name some pairings for the wines of the left bank
Haut Medoc Reds and roasted leg of lamb with mint jelly/grilled ribeye with scape butter and chimichurri/roasted pheasant with prunes Sauternes and foie gras/strong blue cheese/almond tart/crème brulee Graves Whites and roasted chicken/steamed mussels/grilled seabass (all with greens and herbs)
36
Name some notable second growth bordeauxs
Leoville-Barton (St-Julien), Cos-d’Estournel (St-Estephe), Dufort-Vivens (Margaux) Right Bank – Libournais (Merlot-based blends)
37
Name some of the most important Appellations in the Right bank (Libournais)
Saint-Emilion AOP Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOP Pomerol AOP All dry reds only
38
What is the dominant grape in Right bank Bordeaux blends?
Merlot
39
Name some pairings for Left bank bordeaux blends
Libournais Reds and duck confit/braised rosemary lamb shank/prime rib with mushroom pan jus/beef cheek with garlic mash
40
What is the most important appellation in Entre deux mers?
Entre-Deux-Mers AOP | Dry whites
41
What wines are produced in the Cotes de bordeaux AOP?
Cotes de Bordeaux AOP Dry and sweet whites; dry reds Liquoreux: min RS: 51 g/L Communes are allowed to append their name to the appellation name
42
Name all the appellations of Chablis. Name the grand crus of Chablis AOP.
Chablis AOP Petit Chablis AOP Chablis Premier Cru AOP 40 vineyards ``` Chablis Grand Cru AOP 7 climats Les Clos, Les Preuses, Bougros, Blanchots, Valmur, Vaudesir, Grenouilles Most vineyards face S/SW Lees, malo, minerality, sometimes oak ``` Saint-Bris AOP Dry whites from Sauvignon Blanc/Sauvignon Gris Irancy AOP Dry reds from 90% Pinot Noir
43
Oak use is prominent in all levels of Chablis wine. True or false?
False. Oak use only in upper-tier wines
44
From north to south, name all the AOP's of cote de nuit. What colour wines do they produce?
Marsannay Produces white, rose, and red Only appellation where all 3 colours of wine may be made Fixin Produces white and red Gevery-Chambertin Only red wines may carry the name Gevery-Chambertin First of the villages in Cote de Nuits to produce grand cru wines, with 9 individual grand cru AOPs Chambertin and Clos de beze are burgundys oldest and top climats Reds tend to be more austere and tannic, age well, and have more dark fruit flavours ``` Morey st. denis Produces White and red Reds here have more red fruit flavor 4 grand crus Bonne-Mares, Clos des Lambrays, Clos de la Roche, Clos de Tart, Clos St-Denis ``` Chambolle-Musigny Produces Reds only 2 grand cru’s Musigny and Bonnes Mares Musigny however is the only grand cru in cotes de nuit where white wine is permitted Vougeot Produces reds and whites Clos de Vougeot is the largest grand cru in cote de nuits Clos de Vougeot only produces reds Vosne-Romanee Reds only The pinnacle of pinot noir Romanee conti is the most expensive red wines in the world upon release ``` Nuit Saint Georges Produces both red and white Is the biggest commune in cote de nuit Center of commerce for cote de nuit Only about 3-4% of wines produced here are white ```
45
Describe the most important appellations of Cote de beaune
``` Aloxe-Corton 3 Grand Cru vineyards Corton: only Pinot Noir GC vineyard in Beaune, also Burgundy’s largest GC vineyard Charlemagne Corton-Charlemagne ``` Puligny-Montrachet 4 Grand Cru vineyards Bienvenues-Batard-Montrachet, Batard-Montrachet, Chevalier-Montrachet, Montrachet Chassagne-Montrachet 2 Grand Cru vineyards Criots-Batards-Montrachet, Montrachet Meursault Excellent Chardonnay, very little Pinot Noir Pommard Rich, structured Pinot Noirs Volnay Elegant, finessed Pinot Noirs St. Aubin Mostly Chardonnay, some Pinot Noir Santenay Beaune Mostly Pinot Noir, some Chardonnay
46
Name the 5 appellations of cote chalonnaise.
- Little to no new oak use Bouzeron AOP Aligote only Rully AOP Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Cremant Mercurey AOP Chardonnay and Pinot Noir Givry AOP Chardonnay and Pinot Noir Montagny AOP Chardonnay only
47
Name the appellations of the maconnais
``` - Little to no new oak use outside Pouilly-Fuisse Macon AOP Mainly Chardonnay Pouilly-Fuisse AOP Saint-Veran AOP Chardonnay only, some new oak ```
48
Name the 10 Grand cru appellations of Beaujolais
``` Regnie Chiroubles Moulin-a-Vent St. Amour Chenas Julienas Morgon Fleurie Brouilly Cote de Brouilly ```
49
What are the general appellations of the loire?
Cremant de Loire AOP | Rose de Loire AOP
50
What is the most important appellation of Pays Nantais? What grape is it known for?
In Pays Nantais, Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine is the most important appellation. It produces Melon de Bourgogne with Lees contact. Three important sub-appellations of Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine are La Gorges, La Palette, Les Clisson
51
What are the main grapes of Anjou-Saumur?
Red- Cabernet franc Whites- Chenin, sweet and dry styles Saumur is the Loires center for sparkling wine production
52
Describe the wines of Anjou AOP.
Anjou Reds from Cabernet franc and cabernet sauvignon “Anjou Gamay”-->100% Gamay Whites and Sparkling from Chenin Blanc + a bit of Chardonnay/Sauvignon Blanc 45% of Anjou’s production is Rose Many Saumur wines may be labeled as Anjou but not vice versa
53
Describe the wines of Savienneres. What is the encompassing region
Whites from 100% Chenin Typically dry but sweeter styles are made Savienneres is in Anjou Saumur
54
Where is Coulee de Serrant? What kind of wine does it produce?
Anjou Saumur. 100% Chenin blanc (monople owned by Nicolas Joly) Formerly a sub appellation of Savenniers
55
Where is Roche Aux Moines? Describe the grape
Anjou-Saumur. 100% Chenin blanc
56
Where is Coteaux de Layon? Describe the wine.
Anjou-Saumur Wines here are harvested later in the season in hopes of getting botrytis affected wines Sweet wines made from 100% Chenin blanc Including some Selections de Grains Nobles (SGN) labeled wines At least 34 grams/ L residual sugar
57
Where is Bonnezeaux? Describe the wine.
Anjou-Saumur Sweet wines from 100% Chenin Blanc Min 51 grams/L of residual sugar
58
Where is Quartz de Chaume? Describe the wine
Anjou-Saumur Sweet wines form 100% Chenin Blanc Minimum 85 grams/L of residual sugar As of 2010 “Grand Cru” may be added to the label
59
Where is Saumur? Describe the wine
Anjou-Saumur Reds, whites and sparkling wines Whites from 100% Chenin blanc Reds from Cab Franc, Cab Sauv and Pineau d’Aunis
60
Where is Saumur-Champigny? Describe the wine.
Anjou-Saumur. | Reds from Cab franc, Cab Sauv and Pineau d’Aunis
61
Name some notable producers in Anjou-Saumur.
Nicolas Joly, Clos Rougeard, Domaine des Baumards, Chateau de Chamboureau, Philippe Delesvaux,
62
What are the food pairings for Anjou-Saumur?
Cabernet Franc - Grilled eggplant, Roasted Lamb, Mushroom and asparagus Vol au Vent Savennieres - Boudin Blanc, Roasted pork with apple sauce, Grilled rainbow trout Quartz de Chaume/Bonnezeaux - Tarte Tatin, Roquefort
63
Where is the Touraine AOP. Describe the wines.
``` Touraine. Whites, Roses, Reds and Sparkling Whites from Sauvignon Blanc plus a max. 20% sauvignon gris Reds combined Cab franc and cot (malbec) Touraine Gamay → Min. 85% Gamay ```
64
Where is Vouvray AOP? Describe the wines.
Touraines largest and most important white wine district Min 95% chenin blanc, and some Orbois though seldom encountered Made in sec (dry), sec tendre (off-dry), Demi-sec (sweet), moelleux (very sweet), doux (verrryyyy sweet) and liquereaux (verryyyyyyyyyyy sweeeet) May be still, petillant, or Mousseux. Growers tend to go sparkling on colder vintages as a good strategic move.
65
Where is Mont-louis-sur-loire? Describe the wines.
Touraine Formerly a part of Vouvray. Min 95% chenin blanc, and some Orbois though seldom encountered Made in sec (dry), sec tendre (off-dry), Demi-sec (sweet), moelleux (very sweet), doux (verrryyyy sweet) and liquereaux (verryyyyyyyyyyy sweeeet) May be still, petillant, or Mousseux. Growers tend to go sparkling on colder vintages as a good strategic move.
66
Where is Chinon? Describe the wines
Touraine. The benchmark reference for Cabernet Franc Reds and Roses made from cab franc, plus a max 10% cab sauv Whites from chenin blanc Ageworthy, attractive, expressive reds Brimming with raspberry and green tobacco aromatics, framed by silky tannin
67
Where is Bourgueil?
Touraine. Reds and Roses made from cab franc, plus a max 10% cab sauv Whites from chenin blanc Ageworthy, attractive, expressive reds Brimming with raspberry and green tobacco aromatics, framed by silky tannin
68
Where is St. Nicholas de Bourgeuil?
Touraine Reds and Roses made from cab franc, plus a max 10% cab sauv Whites from chenin blanc Ageworthy, attractive, expressive reds Brimming with raspberry and green tobacco aromatics, framed by silky tannin
69
Name some pairings for wines for the Touraine.
Chinon/Bourgeuil and charbonee (pork stew)/matelote d’anguilles (eel stew)/grilled salmon with beurre blanc/morel and asparagus vol-au-vent Vouvray and pork and apple pie/baked trout with cream sauce (dry vouvray)/sushi (sparkling vouvray)
70
What are the 2 main appellations of the Central Vineyards?
Sancerre, and Pouilly Fume
71
Red wine production is allowed in Sancerre. True or False
True. Reds from pinot noir are permitted
72
Red wine production is allowed in Pouilly-Fume. True or False?
False. Only whites from 100% Sauvignon Blanc
73
Give a General description of Alsace
- Cool, continental climate with rain shadow from Vosges Mountains to the West (also the Rhein flows to the east) - One of the driest regions in France - Best vineyards planted E-SE - Little to no new oak - Neutral casks for fermentation and aging - All AOP wines must be bottled in flute d’Alsace bottle - High quality, fruit-driven still wine labeled by variety - 90% whites - Newest AOP region in France (1962)
74
What are the 4 primary grapes of Alsace?
Riesling Gewurztraminer Pinot Gris Muscat
75
What are the secondary grapes of Alsace
``` Sylvaner Pinot Blanc (Klevner) Auxerrois Chasselas (Gutedel) Pinot Noir ```
76
What kind of Wines are produces in the Alsace AOP?
Whites, reds, roses
77
Describe the Alsace Grand Cru AOP.
51 Grand cru vineyards → white wines, hand harvesting mandatory, 100% single varietal. All 51 Grand crus now classify as their own individual AOPs Must be made from 1 of the 4 noble white grapes of alsace: Exceptions are Zoltzenberg: 100% sylvaner Altenberg de Bergheim: blends are permitted Kaefferkopf: Blends are permitted
78
What are the Minimum Alcohol Requirements for Alsatian Grand Cru wines?
Riesling (11%) Muscat (11%) Pinot gris (12.5) Gewurztraminer (12.5)
79
Describe the Cremant D'alsace appellation
White sparkling made from Riesling, pinot blanc, pinot noir, pinot gris, auxerrois and or chardonnay Rose sparkling 100% pinot noir Traditional method Minimum 9 Months on lees (like all cremant)
80
What does Edelzwicker mean?
A blend of one or more grape varieties
81
What does Gentil mean in Alsace?
A superior designations for blends, that requires a minimum 50% noble grapes. The base wine must be vinified separately
82
What is Vendages Tardives (VT)?
Literally “Late Harvest”. Single varietal wines, from bobles grapes that are hand harvested, usually showing some characteristics of Botrytis. Implies sweetness but levels of residual sugar may vary
83
What is Selection de Graines Nobles (SGN) ?
Literally the selection of grapes infected by noble rot or Botrytis. Single varietal wines, from noble grapes that are hand harvested in multiple tries, in practice SGN wines are always dessert-like
84
Suggest Pairings for the wines of Alsace
Riesling: charcroute garnie Pinot Gris: foie gras torchon Muscat: steamed asparagus Gewurztraminer: Alsatian Munster
85
Describe the Climate of Champagne
The region of champagne is located between the 48th and 49th parrarels with average temperatures of about only 50* farenheit (10* celsius). This means ripening varies year to year and as a result so does quality This means that the houses must blend vintages to get the desired wine As a result of cold temperatures, acidity remains high through all vintages Cool (cold), wet, Atlantic influenced climate Limestone Porous, belemite chalk subsoil is pushed to the top and absorbs heat and protects the grapes at and provides excellent drainage
86
What are the 3 grapes of champagne?
Chardonnay brings finesse, backbone, acidity, citrus and apple notes Pinot Noir brings structure and red berry notes Meunier brings fruit character
87
Describe the Methode Champenoise
Making the base still wine Grapes are pressed quickly to avoid colour and oxidation. Base wine is very light in colour, low in alcohol and high in acid. Fermentation occurs either in steel or oak. Assembling the blend/cuvee Champagne can be a blend of grapes, vintages (for NV), regions, villages, or vineyards. Secondary fermentation The wine is bottled with a mixture of yeast and sugar (liqueur de tirage). The bottle is sealed with a crown cap. Over time, the yeast eats the sugar and creates alcohol and CO2. Sur lie aging Autolysis occurs in the bottle and the wine is aged on lees. Champagne must be aged for a minimum of 12 months on lees for a total of 15 months total aging (36 months for vintage Champagne). Riddling/Remuage: sediment removal part 1 The bottles are turned to gradually move the lees into the neck. This is done in one of two ways: By hand: a pupitre (A-frame wooden rack) holds 60 bottles. This process takes 8 weeks to complete riddling By machine: a gyropalette holds 504 bottles at a time and takes 8 days to complete riddling Disgorgement/Degorgement: sediment removal part 2 To disgorge sediment, bottle necks are frozen in an ice bath Dosage A mixture of wine and sugar (liqueur d’expedition) is added to the bottle. The amount of sugar determines the sweetness level of the Champagne.
88
Name and Describe the 5 Communes of champagne.
Montagne de Reims Primarily pinot noir 9 Grand Crus Villages → Sillery, Puisieulx, Beaumont-Sur-Vesle, Mailly, Verzenay, Verzy, Louvois, Bouzy, Ambonnay Vallee De la Marne A lot of Meunier 2 Grand crus villages → Ay, & Tours-sur-Marne Cote de Blanc Primarily Chardonnay Villages → Chouilly, Oiry, Cramant, Avize, Oger, Mesnil-sur-Oger Cote de Sezane Primarily Chardonnay No grand cru villages Cote des Bars (Aube) Primarily pinot Noir No grand crus villages
89
What is NM?
``` Negociant Manipulant (NM) Producer who buys grapes, juice or finished wine and bottles it under their own name. ```
90
What is RM?
Recoltant Manipulant → A grower who makes their own wine. 95% of the grapes must be grown in the growers estate
91
What is CM?
Cooperative de Manipulant → A co-op. A growers co-op that produces wine under a single brand
92
What is MA?
Marque d’Acheteur → A buyers own brand (Costco champagne)
93
What is SR?
Societe des Recoltant → A firm of growers who pool funds to make and sell their wines
94
What is ND?
Negociant Distrabuteur→ A middleman company that distributes wine it did not make
95
Name 4 Prestige Cuvee
Moet et Chandon - Dom Perignon Pol Roger - Cuvee Sir Winston Churchill Louis Roderer - Cristal Taittinger - Comte De Champagne
96
Describe the Climate of the Northern Rhone
The climate in the Northern Rhone is firmly continental, with great seasonal temperature shifts, more rainfall, and fewer sunshine hours than its southern counterpart. The strong Mistral Wind blowing south through the Rhone Valley not only tears vines out of the ground, but also causes most vines to grow leaning in towards the south. This strong Mistral wind does help quite a lot with preventing mold and mildew. Heat retaining granite and schistous soil define much of the Northern Rhone
97
Where is Condrieu AOP? Describe its wines.
Northern Rhone. Dry and sweet whites from 100% Viognier Manually harvested
98
Where is Chateau Grillet AOP? Describe its wines.
Norhtern Rhone Dry whites from 100% Viognier Monopole owned by Francois Pinault
99
Where is the Hermitage AOP? Describe its wines
Northern Rhone Reds from a min. 85% Syrah plus max. 15% combined Roussanne and Marsanne. Whites from Roussanne and/or Marsanne Vin de Paille (grapes raisinated on straw) from white grapes
100
Where is the Crozes-Hermitage AOP? Describe its wines
``` Northern Rhone Syrah 15% Marsanne Roussanne may be added Behind the hill of hermitage Lower in quality than Hermitage ```
101
Where is Cote Rotie AOP? Describe its wines.
Northern Rhone. Reds only Syrah plus max. 20% Viognier Manually harvested
102
Where is the Cornas AOP? Describe its wines
Northern Rhone | Reds only from 100% Syrah
103
Where is St. Joseph AOP? Describe the wines
Northern Rhone Reds from a min. 90% Syrah plus Rousanne and Marsanne Whites from Roussanne and Marsanne
104
What is the climate of the southern Rhone
Warm, Mediterranean. Affected by same harsh mistral winds as northern rhone
105
What is the main grape of the southern rhone
Grenache
106
What is the main blend in a chateau-neuf-du-pape?
Grenache, syrah, mourvedre
107
What is the minimum alcohol for CNDP?
12.5
108
Where is Gigondas? Describe the wine
Souther Rhone Reds from a min. 90% combined Grenache (min. 50%), Syrah and Mourvedre (min. 15% combined), plus others Roses from a min. 50% Grenache plus Mourvedre and/or Syrah
109
Where is Vaqueyras? Describe the wine
Southern Rhone Dry reds, whites and roses Reds from a min. 50% Grenache plus Syrah and Mourvedre
110
Where is Lirac? Describe the wine
Southern Rhone Dry reds, whites and roses Reds from a min. 50% Grenache plus Syrah and Mourvedre
111
Tavel AOP is an AOP in the southern Rhone that specializes in Roses. True or False
True | Dry rose based on Grenache plus others
112
Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOP is an AOP in Southern Rhone that produces Vin Doux Natural. True or false?
True Vin Doux Naturel (VDN) – 95% grape spirit is added to the wine to arrest fermentation, increasing alcohol and leaving RS.
113
What grapes are used for Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOP ?
Muscat Blanc/Muscat a Petits Grains
114
What are the grapes of The Jura?
Reds: Poulsard, Trousea, Pinot Noir Whites: Chardonnay and Savagnin
115
Languedoc AOP is the largest by production. True or False
True
116
Banyuls AOP produces VDN, true or false
True
117
What is the Main grape of Barolo DOCG?
Nebiollo
118
What are the 5 communes of Barolo DOCG?
Barolo, La Morra, Serralunga d’Alba, Castiglione Falletto, Monforte d’Alba
119
What is the main grape of Barbaresco DOCG?
Dry reds from 100% Nebbiolo
120
What are the 3 communes of Barbaresco DOCG?
Barbaresco, Treiso, Nieve
121
Where is the Asti DOCG and what kind of wine does it produce?
Piemonte Sweet, slightly effervescent whites or Spumante from 100% Moscato Max. 6.5% alcohol for Moscato d’Asti
122
Amarone della Valopolicella DOCG is in the Veneto. True or False?
True
123
Describe the wines of Amarone della Valopolicella DOCG
Dry(ish) reds from 45-95% Corvina and others | No more than 65% of producer’s total yield may be used for Amarone
124
Describe the wines of Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG
Sweet Passito reds and Spumante from 45-95% Corvina and others
125
What is the main grape of Soave Superiore?
Gargenega (min 70%)
126
Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG produces tank method sparkling wine from which primary grape?
85% Glera
127
What is the minimum amount of Sangiovese required for Chianti DOCG? Name exceptions
Dry reds from a min. 70% Sangiovese with a max. 10% white grapes and a max 15% Cab Sauv Exception 75% for Senesi
128
What is the minimum amount of Sangiovese Required for the Chianti Classico DOCG? Name exceptions
Dry reds from a min. 80% Sangiovese with no whites allowed
129
A Chianti Classico must have ________ %abv and must be aged for at least ________ after harvest
12% abv | 1 year after harvest
130
A Chianti Classico Reserva must have ____%abv and must be aged for at least _________ after harvest with at least ______ in bottle
12.5% abv 25 months after harvest 3 months in bottle
131
A Chianti Classico Grand Selezione must have ____%abv and must be aged for at least _________ after harvest with at least ______ in bottle
13% avv 30 Months after harvest 3 in bottle
132
Brunello di Montalcino requires ____% of the _____ grape
100% | Sangiovese
133
A Brunello must be aged for a total of ___ years with at least ____ years in wood and ____ months in bottle
Brunello 5 years total 2 years in wood 4 months in bottle
134
Brunello Riserva must be aged for a total of ____ years with at least _____ years in wood and ______ Months
Brunello Riserva 6 years total 2 years in wood 6 Months in bottle
135
True or False..Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG main grape is Montepulciano
False, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG main grape is sangiovese (min 70%). The town is called Montelpuciano
136
In Franciacorta DOCG, in Lombardia, producers make sparkling wine using _______ method with at least _______ and or _______ required
``` Traditional method Pinot Nero (pinot noir) Chardonnay (+/- pinot bianco) ```
137
Valtellina Superiore DOCG makes dry red wines with at least 90% of this grape _____ also known as Nebbiolo
Chiavennasca
138
Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG makes wine using the ________ method, like the wines of Amarone, with the _________ grape also known as Nebiollo
Passito Method | Chiavennasca
139
In what DOC are you most likely to find Lambrusco?
Emilia Romagna
140
What grape are you most likely to find in the Abruzzo DOC?
Montelpuciano
141
Name 3 grapes you might find in Campania
Aglianico, Fiano, Greco di Tufo
142
Name the 3 subzones of the Rioja DO?
Rioja alta, Rioja alavesa, Rioja Oriental (formerly Rioja Baja)
143
What province is Ribera Del Duero DO located in?
Castilla y Leon
144
Rioja uses ____ oak and Ribera Del Duero uses ____ oak
Rioja: Old oak | Ribera Del Duero: New oak
145
What is the 1 difference in aging requirements between Rioja and Ribera Del Duero?
At the Grand Reserva level, Rioja must be aged for a total of 5 years with min 2 in oak and 2 in bottle Riber Del duero is 5 years total with 2 in oak and min 3 in bottle.
146
Name 2 names used in Ribera Del Duero for Tempranillo
Tinto Fino and Tinto del pais
147
What is the main grape of Rueda DO?
Verdejo, Fresh like a sauvignon blanc. Develops more minerality because it takes longer to ripen
148
Bierzo DO is the home of _____ grape, it drinks like _______
Mencia, Beaujolais.
149
Name 2 DO's (DOQ) in Catalunya and their grapes
Priorat DOQ: Granaxa | Cava DO: Paradella, Macabeo, Xerel-lo
150
What is llicorella and what does it consist of?
Soil in priorat, consisting of black slate and quartzite
151
Granaxa in Priorat is low in tannins and has high yields. True or False
Garnaxa in Priorat is very high in tannins, almost barolo-esque with extremely low yields
152
The climate of Galicia is cool continental. True or false
True
153
Where is Rias Baixas and what white wine is it best known for
Rias Baixas is in Galicia, best known for albarino
154
What are the 5 subregions of Rias Baixas
Condado de tea, Soutomaior, Ribeira do Ulla, O rosal, Val do salnes
155
In Galicia, Valdeorras DO is known for which Grape
Godello
156
What Murcia DO best known for
Monastrell and Granacha
157
Name the 3 most important grapes for Andalusia
Pedro Ximenez, Moscatel, Palomino
158
Which of the 3 grapes of sherry make up 95% of yields in sherry?
Palomino makes up 95% of the yields for sherry. Dry and neutral. Pedro Ximenez and Moscatel are used for sweetening the wine
159
What does VOS and VORS stand for and what are the aging requirements
VOS: Very Old Sherry 20 years VORS: Very Old Rare Sherry 30 years
160
What are the two styles of Sherry.
1. Fino or Manzanilla Fortified to 15-15.5%abv allowing for Flor to form on top, not oxidative 2. Olorroso Fortified to 17-18%abv, not allowing for the development of Flor, More oxidative
161
Name the 2 DO's for Sherry
Jerez/Xeres DO | Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda DO
162
Which DO is responsible for 95% of Cava production?
Penedes DO. Even the Cava has it own DO, Cava is a unique DO because it is the only DO in Spain to cover a style and not region
163
What does VDP stand for?
Verband Deutcher Pradikatsweinguter
164
VDP standards are modelled after which region in France
Burgundy
165
What are the 4 levels of VDP classifications
Grosse Lage - Grand Crus (50hl/ha) Grape Variety, yield, production method, minimum ripeness and harvesting are all controlled by strict inspections Dry Grosse Lagen are designated as Grosses Gewächs (GG) Fruity wines with natural sweetness are designated by the traditional Prädikats Erste Lage - Premier Crus. (60hl/ha) Similar restrictions to Grosse Lage, but dry wines are simply labeled ‘Trocken’ Ortswein - Village Wine (60hl/ha) Grape Variety, yield, harvesting and ripeness are still controlled Gutswein - Regional Wine (75hl/ha) Grape Variety, Yield, and ripeness are still controlled
166
What is an Einzellage?
Single Vinyard
167
What is Gutsabfullung?
Estate Bottled
168
What is Edel Faule?
Noble Rot
169
What is Deutcher Sekt?
Sparkling wine made in Germany
170
In Austria, which region has its own rating system separate from the standards of VDP?
Wachau
171
What are the 3 levels of ripeness used in the Wachau?
Steinfeder: max. 11.5% abv, 15 KMW (must weight) Federspiel: 11.5-12.5% abv, 17 KMW (must weight) Smaragd: min. 12.5% abv, 19 KMW (must weight)
172
What does DAC stand for
Districtus Austriae Controllatus?
173
What are the 2 grapes of Kremstal DAC?
100% riesling or Gruner vertliner
174
Kremstal classic must be ___%abv with no _____ or ______. Kremstal reserve must be ______%abv and _____ and _____ are allowed
Classic 12% abv no botrytis or wood Reserve 13 % abv botrytis and wood ok
175
Xinomavro is most like _______ grape and presents itself best in the ____ PDO
Nebiollo | Naoussa
176
Agorgitiko is most like ______ and is best in the ______ PDO
Merlot | Mantinia
177
Assyrtik0 is most like _____ and is best in the ______PDO
Chablis | Santorini
178
Moschofilero is most like ______ and is best in the______PDO
Pinot Gris | Mantinia
179
In Australia, if a geographic designation or grape is listed on a bottle, then that bottle must contain at least 75% of said grape or have at least 75% of the contents of the bottle to be from the specified region. True or False?
False, 85%
180
Margaret river in Western Australia produces cool climate cabs and bordeaux blends. True or false
True
181
Margaret river is in which Zone?
Western Australia
182
Eden Valley is in ______ which is in ______ and is best known for ______ and ________
Eden Valley is in Barossa, which is in South Australia and is best known for Riesling and Viogner
183
McLaren Vale, in Fleurieu, in South Australia, makes really good cab and Syrah mainly thanks to its ______ climate
Mediterranean
184
Flat, well drained Terra Soils and a cool maritime climate makes for a perfect place to grow Cabernet Sauvignon in this _______
Coonawara
185
Clare Valley in the Mounty Lofty ranges in South Australia is best known for which grape
Riesling
186
Coonawara is in which Region in South Australia
Limestone Coast
187
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay thrive in Geelong, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley in the ______ Region in Victoria
Port Philip
188
In Central Victoria, in Victoria, Heathcote provides excellent
Shiraz
189
Rutherglen in north east victoria has is known for this _____ Grape
Muscat
190
Whats the most important Region in New South Wales | Most important subregion
Hunter, most important subregion is Hunter Valley, which provides excellent ageworthy Semillion
191
Tasmania is on the same lateral as New Zealands north Island. True or False
True
192
Tasmania produces this type of wine
Sparkling
193
Central Otago is the worlds most southern Wine producing region. True or false?
True
194
Central Otago is best known for this Burgundian Grape
Pinot Noir
195
The vast majority of New Zealand is growing ______ seeing its best rendition in ______
Sauvignon Blanc, Marlborough
196
Hawks Bay is in the South Island. True or False
False
197
United states labeling requirements
``` Origin Country, state or county: 75% (Cali and Oregon 100%) AVA: 85% (Oregon 90%) Single vineyard: 95% Estate bottled: 100% ``` Vintage Country (including imports): no vintage State or county: 85% AVA: 95% Variety Vinifera: 75% (Oregon: 90% for Burgundy grapes)
198
The appellations of Washington
Columbia Valley (shared with Oregon) Yakima Valley Horse Heaven Hills Walla Walla Valley (shared with Oregon)
199
The appellations of Oregon
``` Willamette Valley Dundee Hills Eola-Amity Hills McMinville Ribbon Ridge Chehalem Mountains ```
200
The appellations of Napa
``` Napa Valley Chiles Valley Wild Horse Valley Oak Knoll District of Napa Valley Stags Leap District Spring Mountain District Diamond Mountain District Howell Mountain Mt. Veeder Atlas Peak St. Helena Oakville Yountville Coombsville Carneros Calistoga Rutherford Also Paso Robles in San Luis Obispo County and Lodi in Sacramento/Joaquin Counties ```
201
What is the main grape used for Port?
Touriga-nacional
202
What is beneficio?
the fortification of wine with spirit, occurs when approximately one third of the sugar content has been converted to alcohol.
203
what is aguardente?
a neutral grape spirit, sits at 77%abv
204
Ruby port is _____ aged, Tawny port is _______ aged
Ruby: bottled Tawny: cask
205
Vintage port must be aged in cask before being bottled by the 30th of july following the second year after harvest. true or false?
False. Bottled by the 30th of July following the third year of harvest
206
What is single quinta vintage port?
A single quinta Vintage Port is the product of one estate’s harvest
207
What is LBV port
Late bottled vintage
208
LBV port is always the product of 1 vintage. True or false
True
209
Reserve Tawny is aged for at least ____ years in cask before being bottled
Reserve Tawny is aged for at least 7 years in cask before being bottled
210
Tawny with age indication 10yr 20 yr 30yr is actually an approximation. The wine is supposed to taste like its 10yr 20 yr 30yr. True or False
True
211
Colheita Tawny is vintage dated and needs to spend at least 7 years in cask before bottled . True or False
True
212
What is the main grape used for Madeira
Tinta Negra. 85% of production. Can be sweet or dry.
213
Sercial and Verdelho can are dry and semi dry and fermented closer to the end of fermentation. True or false
True
214
Boal and Malvasia are sweet and semi sweet fortified towards the beginning of fermentation. True or false
True
215
Ales use a top fermenting strain of yeast that ferments faster developing more flavour and body called_______
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
216
Lagers use a bottom fermenting strain of yeast that ferments slow and prefers lower temperatures leaves a cleaner crisper beer called _______
Saccharomyces pastorianus
217
Rolle is the other name of which grape
Vermentino
218
name 2 AOP's within savennieres
Roche aux moines, coulee de serrant
219
Gros plant is another name for which grape
folle blanche
220
What is the main grape used in Banyuls AOP
Grenache
221
What is the main grape used in Bandol AOP
Clairette

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