Hiring and Employment

Question 1

Recruitment and selection (interview, tests, and the hiring decision)

Answer 1

Large businesses use specific method to attract and manage personnel need. They have Human resources departments that manage applications, interviews, and evaluations.
Steps in the Hiring Process:
1. Preliminary screening- Interview over the phone and or resume review.
2. In-person interview which can be unstructured, semi structured, structured.

Some businesses in addition administer aptitude, psychological, or personality tests. Next a buisness might check the references of the applicants and may perform drug tests and background checks.

Finally, candidates for management positions may be asked to participate in special leadership evaluations before hiring decision are made.

Question 2

Workplace compensation

Answer 2

Employee not only received financial compensation. Vacation days, use of company resources, and insurance are all forms of indirect financial compensation.

Ultimately, compensation varies from one employee to another. Some employees are paid a flat rate, while some employees are paid based on what they produce.

Companies whose employee are part of a union typically receive high flat rate established through collective bargaining.

Question 3

Gain sharing incentive

Answer 3

Gives employees a bonus when their group exceeds expectations

Question 4

Production bonus system

Answer 4

The employee is given a flat rate whenever their production is greater than a certain amount

Question 5

Workplace benefits

Answer 5

The U.S. mandates companies to pay unemployment insurance, Social Security, and workers compensation benefits

Question 6

401 (K)

Answer 6

plan is a retirement savings account that allows an employee to divert a portion of their salary into long-term investments. The employer may match the employee’s contribution up to a limit.

Question 7

Pension plan

Answer 7

Meant to supply retirement income

Question 8

Social Security

Answer 8

Social Security is the term used for the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program in the United States, run by the Social Security Administration (SSA), which is a federal agency. While best known for retirement benefits, it also provides survivor benefits and disability income.Apr 27, 2020

Question 9

Reinforcement that managers can use in the workplace other then money

Answer 9

increased autonomy, personal recognition, and benefits to reward people’s performance

Question 10

Fair Labor Standards Act

Answer 10

1938: Establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, record keeping, and youth employment standards affecting employees in the private sector and in Federal, State, and local governments.
Furthermore, it divided employees between exempt could not receive overtime pay, and non-exempt, who could.

Question 11

Equal Pay Act

Answer 11

1963: Outlawed pay discrimination based on gender.
- Signed by President Kennedy as an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
- The law includes guidelines for when unequal pay is permitted, specifically on the basis of merit, seniority, worker’s quality or quantity of production and other factors not determined by gender

Question 12

Department of Labor

Answer 12

Cabinet-level department of the U.S. federal government responsible for occupational safety, wage and hour standards, unemployment insurance benefits, reemployment services, and some economic statistics; many U.S. states also have such departments. The department is headed by the U.S. Secretary of Labor.

The purpose of the Department of Labor is to foster, promote, and develop the wellbeing of the wage earners, job seekers, and retirees of the United States; improve working conditions; advance opportunities for profitable employment; and assure work-related benefits and rights. In carrying out this mission, the Department of Labor administers and enforces more than 180 federal laws and thousands of federal regulations. These mandates and the regulations that implement them cover many workplace activities for about 10 million employers and 125 million workers.

Question 13

Eleanor Roosevelt

Answer 13

• Wife of FDR

Question 14

Chamber of Commerce

Answer 14

• Business-oriented American lobbying group.
• The Chamber is the largest lobbying group in the U.S., spending more money than any other lobbying organization on a yearly basis.

Question 15

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 15

Landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, and racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accommodations.

-Signed by LBJ

Question 16

The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978

Answer 16

1978: Strengthened protections for pregnant workers

- President Carter

Question 17

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Answer 17

• Federal agency that administers and enforces civil rights laws against workplace discrimination.
• The EEOC investigates discrimination complaints based on an individual’s race, children, national origin, religion, sex, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, genetic information, and retaliation for reporting, participating in, and/or opposing a discriminatory practice

Question 18

The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009

Answer 18

• The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 addressed wage discrimination on the basis of age, religion, national origin, race, sex, and disability.
• This fair wage act supplanted a Supreme Court ruling that wage discrimination cases must be filed within 180 days of the start of the discrimination.
• The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Play Act effectively resets the clock by saying that wage discrimination cases can be filed within 180 days of the last paycheck in which the discrimination occurs.
• First bill signed by Barack Obama

Question 19

Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR)

Answer 19

A lineage-based membership service organization for women who are directly descended from a person involved in the United States’ efforts towards independence.[1] A non-profit group, they promote historic preservation, education, and patriotism. The organization’s membership is limited to direct lineal descendants of soldiers or others of the Revolutionary period who aided the cause of independence; applicants must have reached 18 years of age and are reviewed at the chapter level for admission.

Question 20

Civil Rights Act of 1964; Title VII

Answer 20

• Outlawed discrimination in recruiting, hiring, termination, promotion, compensation, and training
• Signed by LBJ

Question 21

Age Discrimination in Employment Act (1967):

Answer 21

• Outlawed employment discrimination against those over 40 and limited mandatory retirement.
• This was in the context of hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, or terms, conditions or privileges of employment.

Question 22

Civil Rights Center (CRC)

Answer 22

Within the Department of Labor. It works to promote justice and equal opportunity by impartially administering and enforcing various civil right laws.

CRC carry out its mission by by investigating and adjudicating discrimination complaints, conducting compliance reviews, providing technical assistance and training, and developing and publishing civil rights regulations, policies, and guidance.

Question 23

The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

Answer 23

• Body responsible to enforce federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the person’s race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, gender identity, and sexual orientation), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information.
• The EEOC has the authority to investigate charges of discrimination against employers who are covered by the law. If they found that discrimination has occured

Question 24

Age Discrimination in Employment Act (1967):

Answer 24

• Outlawed employment discrimination against those over 40 and limited mandatory retirement.
• This was in the context of hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, or terms, conditions or privileges of employment.
• Signed by Lyndon B. Johnson

Question 25

The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

Answer 25

- Body responsible to enforce federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the person's race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, gender identity, and sexual orientation), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information. - The EEOC has the authority to investigate charges of discrimination against employers who are covered by the law. If they found that discrimination has occurred they can settle the charge.

Question 26

Vocational Rehabilitation Act (1973)

Answer 26

- Enforced affirmative action for federal employers and contractors with respect to disability. - Signed by Richard Nixon

Question 27

Americans with Disabilities Act (1990):

Answer 27

- Outlawed employment discrimination against the disabled; definition of disability expanded to include cancer patients in remission, those afflicted with AIDS, alcoholics, and drug abusers. - Signed by George H. W. Bush

Question 28

Civil Rights Act (1991)

Answer 28

- Strengthened anti-discriminatory legislation and redefined punishments for violators. - Signed by George H. W. Bush

Question 29

Family and Medical Leave Act (1991)

Answer 29

- Asserted that employees with medical or family needs should receive twelve weeks unpaid leave without threat of termination. - Signed by George H. W. Bush

Question 30

Labor Law: National Labor Relations Act. A.K.A the Wagner Act (1935):

Answer 30

- Legalized labor unions, outlawed several employer practices related to labor, and created the National Labor Relations Board. This act basically unionized the country overnight and enabled collective bargaining to begin winning victories for workers, such as minimum wage and maternity leave. - Signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt

Question 31

Labor Law: Labor-Management Relations Act A.K.A the Taft-Hartley Act (1947)

Answer 31

Protected management by outlawing some labor union practices, allowing workers to decertify their union, and reinforcing free speech rights. - Signed by Harry S Truman

Question 32

Labor Law: Labor-Management Relations Act A.K.A the Taft-Hartley Act (1947)

Answer 32

Protected management by outlawing some labor union practices, allowing workers to decertify their union, and reinforcing free speech rights. - Signed by Harry S Truman

Question 33

Strike wave of 1945–1946

Answer 33

Series of massive post-war labor strikes from 1945 to 1946 spanning numerous industries and public utilities. In the year after V-J Day, more than five million American workers were involved in strikes, which lasted on average four times longer than those during the war.[2] They were the largest strikes in American labor history

Question 34

Labor Law:Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, A.K.A. Landrum-Griffin Act (1959):

Answer 34

- Created a bill of rights for union members, including union reporting requirements and control over union dues. - Dwight D. Eisenhower

Question 35

Topic - Legal Issue on Compensation and Benefits: Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), 1938:

Answer 35

- Categorized exempt and non-exempt employees and established minimum wage, child labor, and maximum hour laws. - Signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt

Question 36

Topic - Legal Issue on Compensation and Benefits: Comparable-worth doctrine:

Answer 36

A woman who does work of equal worth to that of a man deserves to be paid as well as the man. There are no statutes requiring comparable-worth compensation, but some laws support this doctrine. FSOT Exam Secrets Test Prep Team. FSOT Flashcard Study System: FSOT Exam Practice Questions & Review for the Foreign Service Officer Test . Mometrix Media LLC. Kindle Edition.

Question 37

Topic - Legal Issue on Compensation and Benefits: Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), 1974:

Answer 37

- Employees who have earned the right to draw retirement benefits must be given them; - Bankrupt and defaulting companies will have their employee pensions paid by the government. - Signed by Gerard Ford

Question 38

Pregnancy Discrimination Act (1978)

Answer 38

- Categorized pregnancy as a disability and entitled pregnant women to the benefits afforded other disabled people. - (you need to get more details about the right of pregnant women) - Signed by Jimmy Carter

Question 39

The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

Answer 39

- Asserts rules for workplace safety, as for instance mandatory onsite inspections and record-keeping related to deaths and injuries.  Many professions remain dangerous.  Coal miners, for instance, still die every year, although the numbers are greatly diminished from the hundreds of casualties suffered during the 1960s.  To maintain workplace safety, it is essential for employees to speak up.  There is legislation to protect workers who blow the whistle on unsafe working conditions.  For instance, it is not legal for these employees to be fired for alerting authorities to conditions that could result in injury or death. - Signed by President Richard Nixon

Question 40

The Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) cycle

Answer 40

One of the most common quality planning cycles used in business is called the plan, do, check, act (PDCA) cycle.  As the title indicates, the PDCA cycle has four steps.  First, the organization identifies the quality improvement changes that need to be made.  Then, the organization tests these changes with a small sample run.  Next, the employees determine whether the implemented changes had the desired effect.  Finally, if the small sample run indicates that the changes were positive, the changes are implemented across the full range of production.  Often, businesses will use the PDCA cycle in one production area to inspire changes in another.

Question 41

Strategic planning process.

Answer 41

1. Identify explicitly the purpose, mission, and values of the organization. 2. Determine goals and objectives for both short and long term. (In doing this the planner must identify the organization's competencies and available resources, to maximize their potential. 3. The planner should perform a detailed analysis of the business environment. 4. Following these steps they can create a detailed a strategy for all departments and for the organization as a whole. Note the strategy must include performance expectations and target outcomes. 5. Implement the plan and review the outcomes (product quality, and financial performance).

Question 42

SWOT Analysis

Answer 42

One simple tool for assessing the current health of a business is the SWOT analysis.  SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.  The strengths of a business could be its resources, whether human or material.  Experience and excellent training could be the strengths of a business.  On the other hand, these same areas can be sources of weakness for a business.  A lack of expertise in the production area is a definite weakness.  The opportunities of a business are the ways in which it could improve its position.  The threats to a business are all of the potential problems, such as malfeasance or a general decline in customer demand.