His 208 ch:9 quiz Flashcards
(26 cards)
Treaty of Paris (1863)
Ended the Crimean War between Russia and an alliance of Britain, France, and the Ottoman Empire. It marked a significant blow to Russian influence in the Black Sea region.
Tsar-Liberator
A title given to Tsar Alexander II of Russia due to his major reforms, particularly the emancipation of the serfs in 1861.
People’s Will
A revolutionary political organization in Russia in the late 19th century that advocated for the violent overthrow of the autocracy. They were responsible for the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881.
Redemption dues
Payments that emancipated serfs were required to make to the state over a period of 49 years after receiving land as part of their liberation from serfdom.
Pan-Slavism
An ideology advocating the unity of all Slavic people under the leadership of Russia, prominent in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
nihilists
A radical political and philosophical group in Russia that rejected traditional social, moral, and religious values, often linked to revolutionary movements in the 19th century.
Nicholas Chernyshevsky
A Russian revolutionary democrat and author of What Is to Be Done?, which inspired many radical thinkers and movements, including Lenin.
Populism, and populist movement in Russia
A political movement in the late 19th century advocating for the rights of the rural peasantry, with an emphasis on agrarian socialism and the rejection of industrialization.
Constantine Pobedonostsev
A conservative Russian statesman and tutor to Tsars Alexander III and Nicholas II. He was a staunch opponent of liberal reforms and supported autocracy and Orthodoxy.
land captain
A government-appointed official in late imperial Russia responsible for overseeing peasant affairs and maintaining order in rural areas, often seen as oppressive figures by the peasants.
Sergei Witte
A key Russian statesman who served as finance minister and prime minister under Tsar Nicholas II. He was known for his economic reforms and the rapid industrialization of Russia in the late 19th century.
Pale of Settlement
A region of Imperial Russia where Jews were legally allowed to live. It was located mostly in modern-day Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, and Belarus, and restricted Jewish mobility and economic activity.
pogroms
Violent, state-tolerated attacks against Jewish communities, particularly in Russia and Eastern Europe, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Karl Marx
A German philosopher and economist, co-author of The Communist Manifesto. His theories on class struggle and the overthrow of capitalism influenced many socialist and communist movements worldwide, including in Russia.
Vladimir Ulyanov
A Russian revolutionary leader who later became known as Lenin. He founded the Bolshevik Party and led the October Revolution in 1917, establishing a communist government in Russia.
Economism
A faction within the Russian Social Democratic movement that emphasized the economic struggles of workers over political revolution, focusing on trade unionism rather than socialist upheaval.
Russian Social Democratic Labor Party
A Marxist political party founded in 1898, which later split into two factions: the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, and the Mensheviks. The Bolsheviks eventually seized power during the Russian Revolution
Peasant socialism
An ideology advocating that Russia’s future lay in its rural, peasant-based communities rather than industrialization. This was linked to movements like the Socialist Revolutionaries, who believed in land redistribution.
Russian Socialist Revolutionary Party
A major political party in early 20th-century Russia that represented the peasantry, advocating for agrarian socialism and land redistribution. It played a significant role in the Russian Revolution of 1917.
Liberalism
A political ideology emphasizing individual freedoms, constitutional government, and political reforms, which gained some following among Russian intellectuals and reformists during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Constitutional Democrats
A liberal political party in late Imperial Russia that advocated for constitutional monarchy, civil rights, and political reforms. They were part of the broader liberal opposition to autocracy.
Nationalism
A political ideology centered on the promotion of the interests and culture of one’s nation. In Russia, it often involved Pan-Slavism and the promotion of Russian dominance within the Slavic world.
Three Emperors’ League
An alliance formed in 1873 between the monarchs of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia, aimed at maintaining the status quo in Europe and suppressing revolutionary movements.
Treaty of San Stefano (1878)
A treaty signed between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. It significantly expanded Russian influence in the Balkans, although its terms were later revised at the Congress of Berlin.
