his test 1

Question 1

Who are the Métis?

Answer 1

People of mixed First Nations and European heritage.

Question 1

What term was given to children of European men and Indigenous women?

Answer 1

Métis

Question 2

How are the Métis recognized in Canada?

Answer 2

Formally recognized in the Canadian Constitution.

Question 3

Where did Métis communities develop?

Answer 3

Along fur trading routes.

Question 4

What cultural elements are blended in Métis culture?

Answer 4

European and First Nations traditions.

Question 5

How did marriages between Europeans and Indigenous people affect trade?

Answer 5

Strengthened trade relationships.

Question 6

What role did Métis play in fur trading?

Answer 6

Gained access to European goods.

Question 7

In which regions were Métis communities primarily located?

Answer 7

Red River, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Great Lakes region, Near Mackenzie River.

Question 8

What spiritual beliefs did the Métis combine?

Answer 8

Christian beliefs with Indigenous spirituality.

Question 9

What forms of music were significant in Métis culture?

Answer 9

Music and dance, especially fiddle music.

Question 10

What were the two lifestyles of the Métis?

Answer 10

• Some farmed and lived in cabins
• Others lived nomadically, following buffalo herds.

Question 11

What transportation methods did the Métis use?

Answer 11

• Dogs
• Horses
• Oxen
• Carts
• Wagons
• Toboggans
• Sleds

Question 12

How was Métis culture and traditions passed down?

Answer 12

Orally through stories.

Question 13

What language do the Métis speak?

Answer 13

Michif (a mix of French and Indigenous languages).

Question 14

What roles did Métis women play in society?

Answer 14

• Acted as translators
• Skilled in sewing and cooking
• Passed skills down to daughters.

Question 15

What careers did Métis men typically have?

Answer 15

• Guides
• Interpreters
• Farming
• Fishing
• Hunting
• Trading.

Question 16

What are common foods in Métis culture?

Answer 16

• Bannock
• Berries
• Fish
• Buffalo meat
• Garden vegetables.

Question 17

What is pemmican?

Answer 17

A key survival food made of buffalo meat, fat, and berries.

Question 18

How long can pemmican last?

Answer 18

Up to a year.

Question 19

What is the homeland of the Inuit called?

Answer 19

Inuit Nunangat

Inuit Nunangat includes land, water, and ice.

Question 20

What is the primary language spoken by the Inuit?

Answer 20

Inuktitut

Question 21

Describe the family structure of the Inuit.

Answer 21

Small family units (5-6 people)

Question 22

How did the Inuit community approach food sharing?

Answer 22

Food was shared among all members

Question 23

What did the Inuit believe about spirits?

Answer 23

All things (living & non-living) had a spirit

Question 24

What role did shamans (Angakoks) have in Inuit society?

Answer 24

Communicated with spirits using charms and dances

Question 25

What was the primary instrument used by shamans in ceremonies?

Answer 25

One-sided drum (made of caribou skin)

Question 26

What activities were central to Inuit festivals?

Answer 26

Singing, dancing, and storytelling

Question 27

What was the duration of the Inuit summer season?

Answer 27

Short, ~2 months

Question 28

What types of animals did the Inuit hunt during the summer?

Answer 28

Caribou, seals, and walrus

Question 29

What was the primary living arrangement for the Inuit during the summer?

Answer 29

Lived in tents

Question 30

What modes of transportation did the Inuit use?

Answer 30

Walking, kayaks, and umiaks (large hide-covered boats)

Question 31

Describe the Inuit winter living conditions.

Answer 31

Lived in larger settlements (up to 100 people)

Question 32

What activities did the Inuit engage in during the winter?

Answer 32

Ice fishing & beaver hunting

Question 33

What type of shelter did the Inuit use in winter?

Answer 33

Igloos or driftwood turf homes

Question 34

What sources of heat and light did the Inuit use?

Answer 34

Whale oil & seal blubber

Question 35

How did the Inuit travel in winter?

Answer 35

By foot or dog sleds

Question 36

What role did the Inuit play in interactions with Europeans?

Answer 36

Served as guides and traders

Question 37

What devastating disease was introduced to the Inuit by Europeans?

Answer 37

Smallpox

Question 38

What were the consequences of European overfishing and overhunting?

Answer 38

Depleted Inuit resources, forcing them to relocate

Question 39

Fill in the blank: The Inuit believed that spirits continued living after death in the _______.

Answer 39

spirit world

Question 40

True or False: The Inuit society was characterized by a focus on individualism rather than community.

Answer 40

False

Question 41

What are the Haudenosaunee also known as?

Answer 41

The People of the Longhouse

Question 42

What confederacy are the Haudenosaunee a part of?

Answer 42

Six Nations Confederacy (Iroquois Confederacy)

Question 43

What agricultural products are the Haudenosaunee skilled in growing?

Answer 43

* Corn * Beans * Squash

Question 44

What are the Three Sisters?

Answer 44

Corn, beans, and squash

Question 45

What types of food did the Haudenosaunee gather besides agriculture?

Answer 45

* Berries * Nuts * Engaged in hunting * Fishing

Question 46

What type of dwellings did the Haudenosaunee live in?

Answer 46

Longhouses

Question 47

What is a characteristic feature of Haudenosaunee villages?

Answer 47

Sometimes had protective walls and housed hundreds of people

Question 48

What did the Haudenosaunee do when farmland became unproductive?

Answer 48

Relocated villages

Question 49

What type of family structure did the Haudenosaunee have?

Answer 49

Clan System with a matrilineal structure

Question 50

Who was the head of the longhouse in Haudenosaunee culture?

Answer 50

The Clan Mother

Question 51

Who lived in the longhouses?

Answer 51

Related females with their husbands and children

Question 52

How did children refer to their mother and aunts in Haudenosaunee culture?

Answer 52

As 'mother'

Question 53

What term did Haudenosaunee children use for all children in the longhouse?

Answer 53

Brothers and sisters

Question 54

What happens to sons in the Haudenosaunee family structure after marriage?

Answer 54

They move into their wife's longhouse

Question 55

How did the Haudenosaunee pass down their history and values?

Answer 55

Through oral traditions by elders

Question 56

What were the gender roles for men in Haudenosaunee society?

Answer 56

* Hunted * Trapped * Cleared land for crops * Built homes and tools

Question 57

What were the gender roles for women in Haudenosaunee society?

Answer 57

* Planted * Tended * Harvested crops * Cured hides * Made clothing * Prepared meals

Question 58

What did the Haudenosaunee believe about the gifts given to them?

Answer 58

The Creator gave them gifts—their values and traditions

Question 59

What was a strong belief of the Haudenosaunee regarding nature?

Answer 59

Living in harmony with nature

Question 60

What elements were included in Haudenosaunee ceremonies?

Answer 60

* Prayer * Dancing * Stories * Songs

Question 61

Who did the Haudenosaunee give thanks to during ceremonies?

Answer 61

* Their people * The Creator and Spirit World * The natural world

Question 62

What impact did European explorers and settlers have on the Haudenosaunee?

Answer 62

Affected by diseases and illnesses

Question 63

the early explorers relied heavily on the guidance and knowledge of the First Nations people for...?

Answer 63

medical care

Question 64

how was the knowledge of medicine passed down from generation to generation, and what did the Europeans do?

Answer 64

Indigenous medicine traditions were passed orally from generation to generation. The Europeans made written notes of these remedies.

Question 65

One of the common diseases that the settlers faced was....?

Answer 65

scurvy

Question 66

what is scurvy?

Answer 66

vitamin c deficiency

Question 67

How did first nations ward off scurvy?

Answer 67

- made a tea of boiled White Spruce twigs and bark, or Hemlock in water and had their people drink the liquid - - medicine was created from plants and made into teas, poultices, and other liquid preparations to drink.

Question 68

How did the settlers survive their first years?

Answer 68

The settlers used their knowledge of Indigenous medicine practices to survive their first years.

Question 69

Who ran the first hospitals when they were opened later?

Answer 69

They were often founded and staffed by Catholic missionaries and nuns. In larger settlements, doctors were sent from Europe.

Question 70

How did people cure themselves?

Answer 70

Poor people visited hospitals, which were free, while wealthy citizens saw private physicians. During this time, self-taught midwives and healers also provided medical care to the settlers.

Question 71

On July 3, 1608, what happened?

Answer 71

, Samuel de Champlain, a French citizen, establishes a new French settlement named New France in Québec City.