Hist 2112 Final Exam

Question 1

September 11, 2001

Answer 1

four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by the militant Islamic extremist network al-Qaeda against the United States

Question 2

Patriot Act

Answer 2

a U.S. law granting law enforcement more powers to prevent terrorist attacks.

Question 3

Rwanda

Answer 3

Hutu, Tutsis

Question 4

Great Recession

Answer 4

2008 stock market crash

Question 5

“post-racial” America

Answer 5

what America was called after the first African American President was elected.

Question 6

Invasion of Grenada

Answer 6

October 25, 1983. The United States and a coalition of six Caribbean nations invaded the island nation of Grenada, 100 miles north of Venezuela.

Question 7

Iran-Contraband Scandal

Answer 7

Robert MacFarlane. A scandal where the Reagan administration secretly sold arms to Iran in exchange for the release of Americans held hostage, and then used the profits from that sale to illegally support right-wing insurgents in Nicaragua.

Question 8

Fall of Berlin Wall

Answer 8

November 9, 1989

Question 9

Operation Desert Storm

Answer 9

lasted 100 hours.

Question 10

Solidarity

Answer 10

Lech Walesa. Gave rise to a broad, non-violent, anti-Communist social movement that, at its height, claimed some 9.4 million members. It is considered to have contributed greatly to the Fall of Communism.

Question 11

Environmental Protection Act

Answer 11

to protect Americans against adverse effects of environmental changes through the establishment of a multimember independent regulatory commission.

Question 12

Watergate.

Answer 12

Mark Felt (Deepthroat) the burglary and illegal wiretapping of the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee, in the Watergate complex, by members of President Richard Nixon’s re-election campaign and the subsequent cover-up of the break-in resulting in Nixon’s resignation

Question 13

Three Mile Island Disaster

Answer 13

nuclear power plant leaked

Question 14

Reaganomics

Answer 14

huge cut to income taxes

Question 15

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty

Answer 15

limited the number of anti-ballistic missiles

Question 16

Bay of Pigs

Answer 16

April 17, 1961. The Cuban-exile invasion force, known as Brigade 2506, landed at beaches along the Bay of Pigs and immediately came under heavy fire. Cuban planes strafed the invaders, sank two escort ships, and destroyed half of the exile’s air support.

Question 17

Operation Rolling Thunder

Answer 17

operation that bombed Vietnam in March of 1965

Question 18

Gideon v. Wainwright

Answer 18

increased fairness for criminal defendents

Question 19

The Feminine Mystique

Answer 19

Written by Betty Friedan.

Question 20

Roe v. Wade

Answer 20

Abortion

Question 21

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 21

May 17, 1954. a landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.

Question 22

Little Rock Nine

Answer 22

group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas.

Question 23

Modern Republicanism

Answer 23

Dwight D. Eisenhower. A contemporary political ideology centered on citizenship in a state organized as a modern republic.

Question 24

Eisenhower Doctrine

Answer 24

to confront communist agression

Question 25

New Look Strategy

Answer 25

emphasizing the United States nuclear arsenal

Question 26

Iron Curtain

Answer 26

the political, military, and ideological barrier erected by the Soviet Union after World War II to seal off itself and its dependent eastern and central European allies from open contact with the West and other noncommunist areas.

Question 27

Truman Doctrine

Answer 27

anti-communist government

Question 28

George Marshall's plan

Answer 28

proposed that the United States provide economic assistance to restore the economic infrastructure of postwar Europe.

Question 29

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Answer 29

security pact

Question 30

House Committee on Un-American Activities

Answer 30

monitor and investigate subversive activity

Question 31

Hawley-Smoot Act

Answer 31

agriculture and industrial products

Question 32

National Recovery Administration

Answer 32

supervised fair trade codes and guaranteed laborers a right to collective bargaining.

Question 33

Public Works Administration

Answer 33

reduced unemployment by hiring the unemployed to build new public buildings, roads, bridges, and subways.

Question 34

Social Security Act

Answer 34

created a social insurance program designed to pay retired workers age 65 or older a continuing income after retirement.

Question 35

Indian Reorganization Act

Answer 35

ended Dawes Act

Question 36

Yalta Agreement

Answer 36

February 1945. after Germany's unconditional surrender, it would be divided into four post-war occupation zones, controlled by U.S., British, French and Soviet military forces.

Question 37

Zoot Suit Riots

Answer 37

white U.S. servicemen and police officers descended upon a majority-Mexican American neighborhood in East Los Angeles, California, and harassed, beat, and detained hundreds of Mexican American youth.

Question 38

Battle of the Bulge

Answer 38

Rhine River

Question 39

D-Day Invasion

Answer 39

June 6, 1944. brought together the land, air and sea forces of the allied armies in what became known as the largest invasion force in human history.

Question 40

Atlantic Charter

Answer 40

United Nations. publicly affirmed the sense of solidarity between the U.S. and Great Britain against Axis aggression. Second, it laid out President Roosevelt's Wilsonian-vision for the postwar world; one that would be characterized by freer exchanges of trade, self-determination, disarmament, and collective security.