Hist And Embry Flashcards by Kate Niznik

What is histology

Study of microscopic structure and function of cells

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Cells function is to carry out vital processes of (8)

Absorption
assimilation
Respiration
irritability (rxn to stimulus)
conductivity,
growth,
reproduction and
excretion

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What is exocytosis

Expulsion of materials out of the cell

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Endocytosis is what and includes what 2 things

Uptake of materials into the cell
Pinocytosis( cell drinking)
Phagocytosis (cell eating)

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Cell membrane acts as the what of the cell

Gatekeeper

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The cytoplasm provides what in which other other organelles function

Medium

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Endoplasmic reticulum is considered the

Highway system of the cell

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Rough ER contains what and what do these synthesize

Ribosomes
Synthesizes proteins

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Smooth ER contains what and what do they make

Enzymes
Make lipid molecules and steroid hormones

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Ribosomes are also known as

Protein factories

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Known as the chemical processing and packaging centre of proteins received from the rough ER

Golgi apparatus

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Powerhouse of the cell

Mitochondria

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Lysosome is known as the what of the cell and is created by what organelle

Sewer system of the cell
Created by Golgi apparatus

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This organelles components give basic stability to the cell as a whole

Cytoskeleton

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Microfilaments cause various

Cellular movements

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What maintains the shape of the cell and forms the cells internal skeleton

Microtubules

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What are involved with intercellular junctions and mitosis

Intermediate filaments

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A tight intercellular junction fuses

Cell membranes together
think water TIGHT seal

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A gap junction is a what and allows for what

Tubular channel between cells
Allows for substances to be exchanged

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Desmosomes attach what cells together

Adjacent

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Hemidesmosomes attach cells to what

Basement membrane

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In interphase what 3 things occur

DNA is replicated
Cell grows
Forms new organelles

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Interphase consists of 3 phases which are

G1
S
G2

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G1 phase is the initial

Resting phase of the cell

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In s phase what is replicated

DNA (Chromatin and centrosome)

G2 is the

Second Resting phase of the cell

Mitosis is a continuous process where the nuclear parts of the cell are what

Nuclear parts of the cell are divided into 2 equal daughter cells

Mitosis consists of 4 stages which are

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

What disappears in prophase

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus

During metaphase spindle fivers from the centrioles become attached to

The centrosomes of each chromosome *meet in middle*

Anaphase the centromeres

Split and each chromosome splits into 2 chromatids *migrate to opposite polls* *pulls apart*

The division into 2 daughter cells explains what phase of mitosis

Telophase *nucleoli appear and microtubules disappear*

Cytokinesis is the physical process of

Cell division *Produces 2 daughter cells*

When less specialized cells become more specialized this is known as

Differentiation

When does MEIOSIS occur

During the maturation of sex cells

What are tissues (hint* grouping of similar cells)

Structure formed by the grouping of cells with similar characteristics of form and function

What are the 4 basic types of tissue

Epithelial Connective Muscular Nerve

Epithelial tissue forms what and function in?

Protective coverings Function in secretion and sensory

What tissue provides support for the softer body parts and binds structures together

Connective

This tissue produces body movements

Muscular

Nerve tissue conducts what that help what

Impulses that help control and coordinate body activities

Epithelial tissue is ____ meaning no own blood supply

Avascular

Epithelium is highly

Regenerative

The epithelium is capable of rapid turnover; What is the turnover time for the oral cavity and for the skin

14 days for oral cavity 20-30 days for skin

In Simple squamous epithelium the cells are flat; their function is to and perform what type of function

Cover connective tissue Perform a filtering function

Simple cuboidal epithelium the cells are cube like. Function? And contributes to ?

Protection/covering for an organ Contributes to secretion

Simple columnar epithelium the cells are rectangular. Function? May be?

Protection, secretion/absorption Ciliated or non ciliated

This type of epithelium moistens, warms and cleans lining membranes

Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

This type of epithelium is located on dry or wet surfaces and has a ___layer for protection

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium Layer of keratin for protection

“Layered cake” and contains no keratin refers to

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium *many layers of cells = layered cake analogy”

The basement membrane is located between what

Epithelium and connective tissue

In connective tissue are the cells tightly packed?

No, some distance apart

What are the 3 major cell types found in connective tissue

Fibroblasts Macrophages Mast cells

The most common cell found in all connective tissue is

Fibroblasts

What cell type found in the connective tissue is important in fighting infections

Macrophages (monocytes)

What cell found in connective tissue is involved in allergic responses

Mast cells

Collagenous fibers are composed of what

Collagen

Elastic fibers are composed of Microfilaments embedded in what

Protein elastin

Reticular fibers are composed of protein ____

Reticulin

Loose connective tissue forms ___ _____ between organs and binds them together. Serves as what for the deeper structures of the body

Thin membranes Protective padding

Loose connective tissue is found where

Beneath the skin (dermis) and between muscles

Fibrous connective tissue is composed of mainly strong ____ fibers that bind parts together. Located where?

Collagenous Tendons, ligaments, eyes, skin (dermis)

This type of tissue stores fat, provides a protective cushion and functions as a heat insulator. Located where

Adipose tissue Beneath the skin (hypodermis)

Elastic connective tissue is composed mainly of ____ fibers which combine strength with what

Elastic Elasticity

Reticular connective tissue is a delicate network of interwoven ____ fibers. Supports what? (3)

Reticular Blood vessels, internal organs, lymphatic organs

What provides support and framework for various parts and decreases friction

Cartilage

Cartilage is slow to heal following an injury due to lack of

Direct blood supply

What surrounds the cartilage

Perichondrium

2 cells of the cartilage are

Chondroblasts Chondrocytes

What cell of the cartilage produces the matrix

Chondroblasts

Chondrocytes maintain what

Maintain the matrix

What are the 3 main cartilage types

Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage

All cartilage types start as

Hyaline

Osteoblasts are

Bone building

Osteoclasts are

Bone resorbing/crushing

Dendrites send impulses to

The cell body

Axon sends impulses

Away from cell body

Hist And Embry Flashcards

(77 cards)