Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Eva's PHARM TEST 4 > HISTAMINE, 5HT, DOPAMINE MEDS > Flashcards

HISTAMINE, 5HT, DOPAMINE MEDS Flashcards

1
Q

Where are H1, H2, H3, H4 receptors located?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

“tidine”
Cimetidine
Ranitidine
Nizatidine
Famotidine

A

H2 Receptor acid reducer (another use for second gen antihistamine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fexofenadine

A

H2 Receptor Antag/ Second Gen Anti-histamine

ALLEGRA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Loratadine

A

H2 Receptor Antag/ Second Gen Anti-histamine

Claritin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Certirizine

A

H2 Receptor Antag/ Second Gen Anti-histamine

Zyrtec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do you know about H1 Receptor Antagonist/ First Generation Anti-histamines?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Organ effects of Histamines

CNS?
Heart?
Stomach?
Lungs?
Triple Response (Wheal & Flare)

A

CNS: H1/ H3—- pain/itch

<3: Vasodilation (Decrease BP) and Reflex tachycardia (increase HR)

Stomach: More stomach fluid produced, Diarrhea induced + GI contractions (move more food/fluid along)

Lungs: Bronchoconstriction

TRIPLE REPONSE / Wheal and Flare
1. REDNESS – microcirculation smooth muscle becomes leaky redness
2. FLUID—Capillary endothelium leady fluid rush in
3. FLARE— Sensory nerve endings flare up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Recall the major indications for 1st generation antihistamines, and contrast 1st and 2nd generation antihistamine.

Uses of the H2 antihistamines, contrast PPIs

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Serotonin Effects on the Body

CNS?
Resp?
CV?
GI?

A

Nervous system
-Melatonin precursor
-Vomiting reflex
-Pain and itch (similar to histamine)
– Chemoreceptor reflex
* Bradycardia
* Hypotension

Respiratory
– SEROTONIN Facilitate ACh release – constriction—
– Hyperventilation

CV
– Contraction of vascular SM
* Exception: skeletal muscle, heart (relax)
– Platelet aggregation

GI
– Increases tone MORE TONE = MORE MOVEMENT
– Facilitates peristalsis
– Overproduction – diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the source of serotonin and main 5-HT agonist targets

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sumatriptan

Describe the action and indication for the use of sumatriptan.

A

Constrict brain vessels. Migraine caused by brain vessels dilating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List the three categories of hyperthermia disorders, contributing factors, and treatments.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Two main 5-HT antagonist targets, and drugs in each category.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dopamine Pathways:
1.) Nigrostriatal
2.) Mesolimbic
3.) Mesocortical

A

Major Dopamine Pathways:
1.) Nigrostriatal—Motor Movement
2.) Mesolimbic– **Reinforcement/Addiction
3.) Mesocortical—Working memory/planning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Compare and contrast preventatives and treatments for migraine headache

A

Migraine Prevention
1. Beta-blockers, CCBs, ACEi
2. Antidepressants – SSRIs, TCAs
3. Anti-seizure – Valproate, Topiramate
4. Botox
5. MAbs - Aimovig– blocks CGRP (protein that causes inflammation and vasodilation in brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ergotamine

A

Class of medications called ergot alkaloids. It works together with caffeine by preventing blood vessels in the head from expanding and causing headaches.

AKA: For migraine, not as effective as Triptans (5Htr Agonist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Anti-nausea – For migraine treatment
You can also use Ondansetron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

5-HT1D/1B Agonist

Uses? Drugs? Major side effects?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dex (Fenfluramine)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lorcaserin

A

5 HT2C agonist- WITHDRAWN 2020

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Liraglutide

A

These are non-serotonin weight loss drugs)
-Liraglutide: GLP-1 Agonist (DM)
-Orlistat: GI Lipase Inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Orlistat

A

These are non-serotonin weight loss drugs
-Liraglutide: GLP-1 Agonist (DM)
-Orlistat: GI Lipase Inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cyproheptadine

Used for?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Dopamine

How is it made?
What is the reuptake transporter?
How many receptor types?
Main pathway for reinforce behavior?

A

Major Dopamine Pathways:
1.) Nigrostriatal—Motor Movement
2.) Mesolimbic– **Reinforcement/Addiction
3.) Mesocortical—Working memory/planning

Biosynthesis: Tyrosine** –> LDOPA-> DA
DAT, D1-D5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where in the brain is does the dopamine pathway start?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where do each of these work?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Fluoxetine (Prozac)*

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Citalopram (Celexa)
not on study guide

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Paroxetine (Paxil)
Not on study guide

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Sertraline (Zoloft)*

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Escitalopram (Lexapro)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Desvenlafaxine (Pristique) **

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Duloxetine (Cymbalta)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Phenelzine (Nardil) ***

A
37
Q

Selegiline**

A
38
Q

Major Seizure Drugs
What are their MOA? Uses?

A

Mechanism of Action of Anti-epileptic Drugs:

  1. Modification of ion conductance: Na+, K+, Ca++
  2. Enhancing inhibition: GABA
  3. Inhibiting excitation: Glutamate
39
Q

What drugs would you use first for each?

A

Partial/ Tonic Clonic
*Phenytoin
*Fosphenytoin (longer lasting)

Focal Seizure:
*Carbamazepine
*Locosamide (Vimpat)

Infant (Focal/Tonic Clonic ONLY)
*Phenobarbital
*Primidone (derivative)

Absent:
*Ethosuimide

Broad Spectrum:
*Valporic Acid
*Depakene/Depakote

40
Q

Phenytoin
Fosphenytoin

A
41
Q

Carbamazepine

A
42
Q

Lacosamide (Vimpat)

A
43
Q

Phenobarbital

Primidone

A
44
Q

GABA ANALOGS

Gabapentin
Pregabalin
Vigabatrin

A

GABA analog: adjunct for anti-seizures

45
Q

Other drugs for anti-seizure

A
46
Q

Ethosuimide

A
47
Q

Valproic Acid

Depakene, Depakote

A

Broad Spectrum Seizure AED

48
Q

Clonazepam

A

Drug for epilepsy management

49
Q

Clorazepate dipotassium (Tranxene)

A

Benzo

50
Q

Diazepam
Lorazepam

A
51
Q

Infantile Spasms? How do you treat?

A single seizure episode only?

A

-More palliative
-IM Corticotropins: Prednisone
-GABA Analog: Vigabatrin: Leaves GABA around longer, block enzymatic hydrolysis

Single Seizure?
-Anti-epileptic drugs
-Surgery—remove ½ hemisphere (kids adapt better)
-Vagus Nerve Stimulation
-Ketogenic Diet ——– for kids. Theory: using fatty acid instead of glucose for beta oxidation (slower)

52
Q

Generalized Tonic- Clonic??
How do we treat?

Status Epilepticus?
Order of treatment

A

General Tonic Clonic
~30 mins. Can be LIFE THREATENING!
IMMEDIATE MANAGEMENT
-IV seizure meds, gaba signaling/ benzodiazepine- treat cardio, resp, metabolic, meds

Status Epilepticus:
1.) IV seizure medication: IV diazepam, Lorazepam
2.) LONGER LASTING? IV Fosheynotoin (15-20 mg) (Dilantin derivation)
3.) NOT WORKING?? LARGER DOSE Phenobarbital (20mg/kg)

53
Q

Anesthesia considerations for seizure meds?

A
54
Q

Identify the major subgroups of sedative hypnotics

A
55
Q

Classes of Sedative Hypnotic: Name a drug in each

Benzodiazepine
Barbituates
Sleep Aid
Anxiolytics
Ethanol

A
56
Q

GABA Receptor

How does it work?
How do sedative hypnotics potentiate inhibition?

A

IPSP
Inhibitory synaptic potential

57
Q

List the four phases of sleep and important changes seen when taking sedative-hypnotics.

How does Alc affect the sleep phases?

A

Alc: More deep sleep phase 4 initially then more REM sleep later

Sedative hypnotics: Decrease time to sleep and increase stage 2 non-rem sleep (goal)

58
Q

Zolpidem

A

Sedative Hypnotic: AMBIEN
*Not a benzo, barb, or narcotic
**abuse potential

59
Q

Eszopiclone

A

Sedative Hypnotic: LUNESTA
*Not a benzo, barb, or narcotic
*Abuse potential

60
Q

Naltrexone

A

For alcohol dependence

61
Q

Acamprosate

A

Adjunct medication for alocholism
*Adverse effects: GI symptoms/rash

62
Q

Disulfiram**

A

Alcoholism– makes your hangover worse to make you QUIT!

63
Q

Buspirone

A

5-HT1A Receptor Angonist
*Relieves anxiety without sedation

64
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

What symptoms?
Other symptoms of neurotoxicity with alc?
What’s in a banana bag?

A
65
Q

Ethanol Pathways:

  1. Alcohol Dehydrogenase Pathway
  2. Microsomal Ethanol-oxidizing System (MEOS)

What drugs would you use? Whats the pathways?

A
66
Q

Aripirprazole (Ambilify)

A

Anti-psychotics

67
Q

Buspirone

A

5-HT1A– serotonin agonist
Non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic

Slows down serotonin release from raphe nucleus so decrease 5HT. Dont give for depression! only anxiety!!

68
Q

Benedryl

A

Histamine 1st gen antagonist
Sedation

69
Q

Atarax

A

Histamine 1st gen antagonist
Sedation

70
Q

Phenergan

A

Anti-nausea/ anti-emetic

71
Q

Dramamine

A

Anti-nausea/ Anti-emetic

72
Q

Serotonin 5-HT
Derivative of ____?
90% in _____ cells?
Which receptor is ion?

A

Derivative of Trytophan
90% in enterochromaffin cells
5HT3

73
Q

Prednisone

A

Glucocorticoid
Used for migraine treatment too

74
Q

Aimovig

A

MAbs– block CGPR the protein that causes vasodilation/migraine

Preventative for migraines

75
Q

What are the 2 anti-seizure drugs used to prevent migraines?

A

Valproate
Topiramate (Topamax) – all seizures

(Broad spectrum)

76
Q

What types of antidepressants are used to prevent migraines?
Examples?

A

SSRI, TCA

SSRI: Fluoxetine (Prozac), Serteraline (Zoloft)

TCA: Amitriptyline (Elavil)

77
Q

What are some D2- blocking antipsychotics that could contribute to neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

How long does this last?
What med to treat?

A

Delayed response 1-3 days

Haldol, clonidine??

Treat?? Diphenhydramine

78
Q

Name 3 Serotonin Antagonists

A

Phenoxybenzamine– carcinoid
Ondansetron- 5-HT3
Cyproheptadine (5HT2)- carcinoid, cold induced uriticaria

79
Q

Name some:

SSRI: (2)
SNRI: (2)
TCA: (1)
MAOIs: (2)

A
80
Q

Amisulpride

Used for?

A

Schizophernia

81
Q

Solriamfetol (Sunosi)

Uses?

A

NDRI- Inhibit NE and DA

Depression, ADHD, GAD

82
Q

Phenytoin levels?
Therapeutic:
Free Phenytoin:
Toxic:
Lethal:

A
83
Q

Meperidine (Demerol)

A

Narcotic:

DONT GIVE THIS NARCOTIC FOR SEIZURE PT

PRO-SEIZURE

Peri-operative management

84
Q

Phenytoin considerations for anesthesia

A
85
Q

Methohexital

A

DRUG TO AVOID BC IT STIMULATES SEIZURE ACTIVITY

Baribuate– useful adjunct for anesthesia just not seizures

86
Q

SEVOFLURANE

A

DRUG TO AVOID BC IT STIMULATES SEIZURE ACTIVITY

87
Q

Flumazenil

A

Reversal for BENZO

Diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam

88
Q

Thiopental

A

Barbituates-
Useful anesthesia adjunct

Eva's PHARM TEST 4 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions