Histo

Question 1

31. Which component of bone impedes the distribution of nutrients and oxygen to osteocytes:

Answer 1

ECM (Extracellular matrix)

Question 2

32. Which if the following most accurately describes compact bone:

Answer 2

presence of osteons

Question 3

33. In the diaphysis of a typical long bone which of the following structures is in closest proximity to the trabeculae of cancellous bone:

Answer 3

inner circumferential lamellae

Question 4

34. During the hystological study of cortical shaft, basophilic cells with developed synthesis organelles can be seen on the bone surface under the layer of fibers. These cells take part in bone tissue regeneration. What shaft layer are they located in://

Answer 4

Periosteum

Question 5

35. Which of the following is characteristic of the chromatophilic material called Nissl substance in neural tissue:/

Answer 5

Site of mRNA translation for proteins of the axolemma

Question 6

36. Which of the following events occurs immediately after an action potential reaches a synapse at an axon terminal:

Answer 6

Calcium ion influx at the presynaptic terminal

Question 7

37. In the choroid plexus water from capillaries is transported directly into the cerebrospinal fluid by what structure(s):

Answer 7

Astrocytes

Question 8

38. What term applies to collections of neuronal cell bodies (somata) in the central nervous system:

Answer 8

Nodes

Question 9

39. Which structure contains trabeculae around which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows:

Answer 9

Dura Mater

Question 10

40. Which of the following is a characteristic of the connective tissue layer that surrounds individual fascicles in large peripheral nerves://

Answer 10

Important as part of the blood-nerve barrier in the nerve

Question 11

41. Myelinated nervous fibers are characterized by presence of all morphological features except for one://

Question 12

42. Neuroglial cells lining the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord are called

Answer 12

Ependyma

Question 13

43. Neurons whose axons form the motor endings on the surfaces of smooth muscle tissue are found in:

Answer 13

Motor neurons

Question 14

44. The organ belonging to the organs of central nervous system is:

Answer 14

Brain and Spinal cord

Question 15

45. Neurotransmitter of motor end plate is:

Answer 15

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 16

46. What are most neurons in the body:

Answer 16

Multipolar

Question 17

47. What is the cell body of a neuron called:

Answer 17

Perikaryon / Soma

Question 18

48. Which cell is a macrophage found in the central nervous system:

Answer 18

Microglia

Question 19

49. What is tissue which surrounds a nerve fascicle:

Answer 19

Perineurium

Question 20

50. What are interneurons:

Answer 20

Interneurons are the neurons between the sensory and motor neurons

Question 21

51. What are the basophilic clusters of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum seen in neurons called://

Answer 21

Nissl

Question 22

52. A sensitive neural ganglion consists of roundish neurocytes with one extension that divides into axon and dendrite at some distance from the perikaryon. What are these cells called:

Answer 22

Pseudounipolar

Question 23

53. As a result of a mechanical injury an over 10 cm long portion of a peripheral nerve was damaged. This caused an impairment of the upper limb activity. The patient was offered nerve transplantation. What glial cells will participate in regeneration and provide the trophism of the injured limb:

Answer 23

Schwann cells

Question 24

54. As a result of an injury, the integrity of the anterior spinal cord root was broken. Specify the neurons and their processes that had been damaged://

Answer 24

Axons of motor neurons

Question 25

55. The basal lamina of a muscle fiber is part of which structure:

Answer 25

Endomysium

Question 26

56. With the transmission electron microscope skeletal muscle fibers can be seen to contain structures called triads. What do the two lateral components of a triad represent:

Answer 26

Sites for calcium sequestration and release

Question 27

57. Which characteristic is unique to cardiac muscle://

Answer 27

Cardiac muscle is often branched

Question 28

58. Smooth muscle tissue is characterized by all morphological features except for one:

Answer 28

there are more thick filaments than thin filaments

Question 29

59. Sarcomere is a segment of myofibril between:

Answer 29

two neighbouring Z-lines (or Z-discs, or Z bodies)

Question 30

60. White skeletal muscle fibers are characterized by all morphological and functional features EXCEPT for one:/

Question 31

61. Skeletal muscle fiber is characterized by all morphological features EXCEPT for one://

Answer 31

Autorhythmic (OR)
Slow oxidative fibers contain the least myoglobin and are more pale/lighter in appearance
autonomic innervation
they are branched

Question 32

62. Cardiac muscle fiber is characterized by all morphological features, EXCEPT for one://

Answer 32

long, multinucleate, cylindrical cells

Question 33

63. In smooth muscle calcium released by the smooth ER initiates contraction by binding to what protein:/

Answer 33

Calmodulin

Question 34

64. Which feature typifies T-tubules:

Answer 34

Carry depolariztion to the muscle fiber interior

Question 35

65. Which characteristic is unique to smooth muscle:

Answer 35

absence of striations

Question 36

66. In one type of muscle, numerous gap junctions, desmosomes, and adherens junctions are specifically localized in which structures:

Answer 36

Intercalated discs

Question 37

67. What is the connective tissue covering of a muscle fascicle://

Answer 37

Perimysium

Question 38

68. What is actin://

Answer 38

Myofilament

Question 39

69. What is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell:

Answer 39

Sarcoplasm

Question 40

70. What region is made of thin filaments:

Answer 40

I Band

Question 41

71. What is the plasma membrane of a muscle cell called:

Answer 41

Sacrolemma