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HISTO Flashcards

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1
Q

The most widely used and recommended fixative in ROUTINE HISTOPATHOLOGY

A

10% Neutral Buffered Formalin

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2
Q

Which of the following fixatives is employed for SKIN TUMOR BIOPSIES

A

Heidenhain Susa (mercuric fixative)

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3
Q

It is also known as DEALCOHOLIZATION

A

Clearing

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4
Q

Clearing agent/s that become MILKY due to incomplete dehydration

A

Cedarwood oil and Xylene

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5
Q

In preparing buffered formalin

A

The pH should be adjusted to 7 and use of Phosphate buffers

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6
Q

Decalcification is the process of removing calcium salts from calcified tissues such as bone and teeth. This is performed prior to fixation.

A

First is TRUE, Second is FALSE

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7
Q

Which of the following can be used as a SECONDARY FIXATIVE for EM?

A

Osmium tetroxide (OSMIC ACID)

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8
Q

Fixation for EM is preferably performed at

A

42C

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9
Q

Fixatives should be SLIGHTLY HYPERTONIC. This is around 400-450 mOsm.

A

Both are TRUE

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10
Q

The color of death certificate for adults is

A

White
Pink - Stillbirth

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11
Q

For small tissue fragments that are easily lost during processing, which of the following fixatives can you consider?

A

Bouin’s (imparts yellow pigment)

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12
Q

Glacial acetic acid is a fixative for NUCLEI. It can be used as a SIMPLE FIXATIVE.

A

First is TRUE, Second is FALSE
(GAA is a COMPOUND fixative)

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13
Q

For maximum effectiveness, the FIXATIVE:TISSUE RATIO should be

A

20:1

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14
Q

BLACK PIGMENTS due to use of mercuric fixatives can be removed using which washing out reagent?

A

Alcoholic Iodine

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15
Q

Most rapid fixative

A

Carnoy’s

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16
Q

Which of the following procedures is performed prior to fixation?

A

None

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17
Q

Which of the following fixatives becomes part of the tissue?

A

Osmium tetroxide (OSMIC ACID) and Formalin

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18
Q

A SLOW ACTING clearing agent recommended for TOUGH TISSUES such as lymph nodes and brain?

A

Chloroform (6-24hrs)

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19
Q

Which of the following fixatives contains CHROMATES

A

Regaud’s

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20
Q

Paraffin wax substitute that contains a mixture of paraffin and plastic polymers

A

Paraplast (MP 56-57C)

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21
Q

Which of the following tissues require tissue softeners prior to sectioning

A

Nails (Keratin-rich tissues)

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22
Q

Xylene is routinely used as a CLEARING AGENT. Less toxic alternatives to xylene include isopropanol and other xylene free agents

A

Both are TRUE

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23
Q

Tissue blocks are always cold when cut/sectioned. Sections are cut in a uniform rapid motion.

A

First is TRUE, Second is FALSE

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24
Q

Concentrated formalin

A

37%

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25
Pencil is used to label frosted slides. Diamond pencil is used to label non-frosted slides.
Both are TRUE
26
If the specimen code is labelled as C99-0031, the specimen is most likely
Pap's Smear
27
Which process should be performed immediately as delays can lead to irreparable tissue damage?
Fixation (most crucial step)
28
Which of the following is not a mercury fixative
Brasil's (picric acid)
29
A purified form of nitrocellulose employed for embedding hard tough tissues that tend to collapse and produces a rubbery tissue block
Celloidin (collodion - no heating required)
30
In an autotechnicon, the first station containa
Formalin
31
All of the following are employed as fixatives for EM except
Uranyl acetate (stain)
32
Which of the following fixatives may also function as a FAT STAIN
Osmium tetroxide (black color)
33
Widely used decalcifying agent
10% nitric acid
34
Which of the following fixatives also function as a decalcifying agent
Formic acid
35
Dehydrating agents should be atleast ____ times the volume of tissue
10
36
Also known as rubbing alcohol, it is a fixative useful for smears for staining for Wright's and may also function as an alternative to ethanol for dehydration
Isopropanol
37
Appropriate tissue for IHC
Formalin fixed tissues Acetone fixed tissues Frozen sections
38
Xylene is a routine clearing agent employed for tissues less than 5mm. Clearing time for xylene is approximately 1-2 hrs
First is TRUE, Second is FALSE (15mins to 1hr only)
39
Which is considered a universal solvent
Tertiary butanol THF Dioxane
40
Added to Mayer's egg albumin to prevent growth of mold
Thymol
41
Tissues for routine fixation should be no more than ____ mm thick
4-5mm
42
Recommended embedding medium for TEM (transmission electron microscopy)
Epoxy
43
Paraffin sections have a thickness of ___ um
4-6 10-15 - Celloidin 2 - Renal biopsy
44
Tissue preparation method for bronchial aspirates
Pull apart
45
Routine fixative of choice for tissue photography
Helly's
46
Picric acid fixatives are contraindicated for glycogen. It is explosive when dry.
First is FALSE, Second is TRUE
47
Methods of formalin pigment removal except
1% Alcohol sodium hydroxide (Kardasweitsch's Lillie's Alcoholic KOH)
48
Usual optimum temperature for decalcification
RT
49
Fixatives for cytology except
NOTA 95% ethanol - Routine Saccimano's - Sputum Schaudinn's - Hg
50
Microtome suitable for FAT STAINS
Cold microtome (cryostat)
51
Wet celloidin method is intended for impregnating the following tissues except
Whole eye section (DRY METHOD)
52
Microtome for unfixed unfrozen specimens for enzyme demonstrations
Vibrotome
53
Infiltrating media requiring dehydration and clearing
Ester wax
54
Ester wax impregnated tissues are sectioned using which microtome
Sliding
55
Most reliable method to determine extent of decalcification
Xray
56
Which of the following is incorrect regarding fixation
Formalin preserves cellular structure by removal of water
57
Which of the following fixatives is highly suitable for cell detail in tissue photography and hematopoietic tissues
Zenker's
58
A stillborn was received by the custodian of Medical museum
The volume of the fixative should be 50x more than the tissue
59
Minute tissue fragments are to be processed, how will you handle this
All fragments must be wrapped in a small piece of filter paper before loading
60
Which equipment is not employed when a diagnosis is needed right away in the OR
Rotary microtome
61
Medtech Procopio, noticed a soft, mushy tissue block when cut into sections it crumbles and feathers. This is due to
Inadequate fixation
62
The EM section thickness ranges approximately from
50-120 um
63
Which is true of an autopsied cadaver
NONE No longer possible to embalm Body is mutilated Requires special burial
64
Adipocytes are best demonstrated in (fat cells)
Frozen section
65
Which of the following is not used as a decalcifying agent
Acid alcohol (decolorizer)
66
Fixative for surgical specimens
10% formalin
67
Fixative for Pap's smear
95% ethanol
68
An alternative fixative for Pap's if the common fixative is absent
Hair spray
69
Transitional cell carcinoma is most likely the tumor present
Urine
70
The usual thickness of a tissue cassette
5mm
71
A sheen of oxidized dye on the surface of hematoxylin solution indicates
Stain has to be filtered
72
Surgical pathology slides should be stored
Indefinitely
73
A MT is processing a cytology specimen and he notices abundant dust laden macrophages, this is most likely
Sputum
74
If your objective is to study/observe viable cells, which stain can be employed?
Janus Green (or vital stains)
75
Alcohol is not recommended as a tissue fixative because
Volatile and evaporates fast
76
Monoclonal antibodies employed for IHC belong to which Ig class
IgG
77
How will you remedy overstained sections with eosin
Dip sections in ammonia water (bluing agent)
78
Which stain is best for reticular CT
Gomori
79
Which is the most common medium in preparing permanent slides
Canada balsam
80
Shell horse leather is employed for
Stropping (polishing of knife/removing burns)
81
In order to prevent the block from cracking, what should be done
Block must be hardened
82
How will you remedy the presence of holes in tissue sections
Re-embed the whole tissue in fresh wax
83
A reason why sections fail to form ribbons
Dull to blunt knife
84
The MT noticed a blurr on his newly honed knife, what is the next step to be done
Get the horse leather and start stropping
85
Minimum fixation time for Pap's
15 mins
86
When is the best time to collect samples for toxicology and microbiologic examination from autopsy
As soon as after death
87
The tissue mordant dye complex is needed in
Indirect staining
88
Which specimen is most likely to require decalcification before embedding and cutting
Aorta with artherosclerosis
89
Which of the following is not a stain for CNS
PAS (CHO stain)
90
All of the following are cytoplasmic fixatives except
Carnoy's (nuclear) Cytoplasmic - HOR
91
Blood containing tissues such as spleen subjected to aldehydes may form abundant ___ pigments
Brown
92
Which fixative is extremely corrosive to metals
Mercury
93
Phloroglucin Nitric acid used as a dcalcifying fluid
12-24hrs
94
As a general rule, the volume of the inflitrating medium should be atleast how many times the volume of the tissue volume
25x
95
Water soluble waxes except
Gelatin
96
Cells devoid of tigroid substances suggest
Nerve cell degeneration
97
Main constituent of Fuelgen's and Schiff's reagent
Basic fuschin
98
A lysochrome more likely to stain neutral fats giving it an intense red stain
Sudan IV (Scharlach R)
99
Metachromasia is lost if the section is dehydrated in alcohol after staining method
TRUE
100
Stain to demostrate astrocytes
Mallory's PTAH

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