HISTO by Nacino Flashcards by Dead Braincells

Connective tissue and muscular tissues arise from _________.
I. Ectoderm
II. Mesoderm
III. Endoderm
IV. Mesenchyme

A. I and II
B. II and III
C. I and IV
D. II and IV

II and IV

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Which type of epithelial lining is found in the lining of the digestive tract from the stomach down to the anus?

A. Simple squamous epithelium
B. Simple cuboidal epithelium
C. Simple columnar epithelium
D. Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium

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What type of tissue lines the bladder?

A. Simple squamous epithelium
B. Simple cuboidal epithelium
C. Simple columnar epithelium
D. Stratified squamous epithelium
E. Transitional epithelium

Transitional epithelium

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What type of epithelial cells are as tall as they are wide?

A. Simple
B. Stratified
C. Squamous
D. Cuboidal
E. Columnar

Cuboidal

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What do you call the simple squamous
epithelium that lines the blood vessels?

A. Epithelioid tissue
B. Mesothelium
C. Endothelium
D. Transitional
E. Pseudostratified

Endothelium

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Which of the following is NOT primarily composed of connective tissue?

A. Blood
B. Bone
C. Tendon
D. Intervertebral disc
E. Myometrium

Myometrium

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Which of the following is NOT a fiber found in connective tissue?

A. Collagen fiber
B. Elastic fiber
C. Reticular fiber
D. Purkinje fiber
E. All of the above are fibers found in
connective tissue

Purkinje fiber

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What type of adipose tissue tends to increase as humans age?

A. Brown adipose tissue
B. White adipose tissue
C. Unilocular adipose tissue
D. Multilocular adipose tissue
E. Both b and c

Both b and c

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Which of the following would be best suited to differentiate collagen fibers from other
fibers?

A. Wright’s stain
B. Hematoxylin and eosin stain
C. Sudan stain
D. Silver impregnation
E. Masson’s trichrome stain

Masson’s trichrome stain

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Which of the following stain blue with H&E stain?

A. Cytoplasm
B. Collagen fibers
C. Nucleus
D. Elastic fibers
E. Decalcified bone matrix

Nucleus

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What are Sudan stains used primarily for?

A. Blood
B. Fat
C. Nervous tissue
D. Elastic fibers
E. Decalcified bone matrix

Fat

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What is Mucicarmine stain used primarily
for?

A. Blood
B. Fat
C. Nervous tissue
D. Elastic fibers
E. Epithelial mucin

Epithelial mucin

*Mucicarmine is used to see epithelial mucin.
It stains it a deep red.

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What is Wright’s stain used primarily for?

A. Blood
B. Fat
C. Nervous tissue
D. Elastic fibers
E. Decalcified bone matrix

Blood

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What color do elastic fibers stain with Verhoeff Elastic stain?

A. Red/Orange
B. Pink/red
C. Purple/Red
D. Blue/black
E. Green/blue

Green/blue

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During the preparation of a routine H&E slide, what step occurs after the tissue is preserved?

A. Fixation
B. Embedding in paraffin
C. Staining
D. Slicing
E. Dehydration

Dehydration

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During the preparation of a routine H&E slide, how is the tissue preserved?

A. Fixation
B. Embedding in paraffin
C. Staining
D. Slicing
E. Dehydration

Fixation

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During the preparation of a routine H&E slide, what allows the tissue to be visualized?

A. Fixation
B. Embedding in paraffin
C. Staining
D. Slicing
E. Dehydration

Slicing

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Which of the following would be best suited to visualize reticular fibers?

A. Wright’s stain
B. Hematoxylin and eosin stain
C. Sudan stain
D. Silver impregnation
E. Masson’s trichrome stain

Silver impregnation

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Which of the following would be best suited to visualize lipid?

A. Wright’s stain
B. Hematoxylin and eosin stain
C. Sudan stain
D. Silver impregnation
E. Masson’s trichrome stain

Sudan stain

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Ideal amount of the fixative:

A. 1 – 2X the volume of the specimen
B. 5 – 10X the volume of the specimen
C. 10 – 15X the volume of the specimen
D. 10 – 20X the volume of the specimen

10 – 20X the volume of the specimen

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All of the following are microanatomical fixatives, EXCEPT:

A. 10% Formalin
B. Zenker’s solution
C. Bouin’s solution
D. Flemming’s fluid

Flemming’s fluid

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Best fixative for the nervous system:

A. Formalin fixative
B. Permanganate fixative
C. Lead fixative
D. Chromate fixative

Formalin fixative

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Fixative of choice for the preservation of
fats:

A. Helly’s fluid
B. Newcomer’s fluid
C. Formalin
D. Newcomer’s fluid

C. Formalin

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Helly’s fluid is exactly the same as in Zenker’s fixative, but instead of GLACIAL ACETIC ACID, what component is
added:

A. Mercuric chloride
B. Potassium dichromate C. Sodium sulfate
D. Formalin

Formalin

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Fixative recommended for fixing small pieces of liver, spleen, connective tissue fibers and nuclei: A. Zenker’s fluid B. Orth’s fluid C. Heidenhain’s Susa solution D. Regaud’s fluid

Zenker’s fluid

Excellent microanatomic fixative for pituitary gland, bone marrow and blood containing organs such as spleen and liver: A. Bouin’s solution B. Helly’s fluid C. Carnoy’s fluid D. Flemming’s solution

Helly’s fluid

All mercurial fixing solutions lead to the formation in tissues of diffuse BLACK granules and these mercury deposits must be removed BEFORE STAINING. Removal of mercuric chloride deposit is accomplished by: A. Saturated solution of iodine B. Sodium thiosulfate C. Distilled water D. Saturated solution of picric acid

Saturated solution of iodine

Considered to be the MOST RAPID fixative/ recommended for fixing chromosomes, lymph glands and urgent biopsies: A. Gendre’s fixative B. Carnoy’s fluid C. Newcomer’s fluid D. Flemming’s solution

Carnoy’s fluid

Fixatives used mainly for acid mucopolysaccharides: A. Lead fixatives B. Mercurial fixatives C. Chromate fixatives D. Picric acid fixatives

Lead fixatives

Most widely used fixative for electron microscopy: A. Acetone B. Zenker’s fluid C. Osmium tetroxide D. Trichloroacetic acid

Osmium tetroxide

Most ideal and most reliable method of determining extent of decalcification: A. Physical test B. Chemical test C. X-ray or radiological test D. Adsorption test

X-ray or radiological test

The process of decalcification is best performed: A. Before fixation B. After fixation C. After impregnation D. None of these

After fixation

The fastest chemical solution in decalcifying tissues is: A. Trichloroacetic acid B. Nitric acid C. Formic acid D. Versene

Nitric acid

All of the following remove intracellular and extracellular water from the tissue following fixation, EXCEPT: A. Alcohol B. Chloroform C. Tetrahydrofuran D. Dioxane

B. Chloroform

A TOXIC dehydrating agent, primarily employed for blood and tissue films and for smear preparation: A. Ethyl alcohol B. Methyl alcohol C. Butyl alcohol D. Isopropyl alcohol

B. Methyl alcohol

Function/s of tetrahydrofuran: A. Dehyrating agent B. Clearing agent C. Both of these D. None of these

C. Both of these

Excessive exposure to this clearing agent may be extremely toxic to man and may become carcinogenic or it may damage the bone marrow resulting to APLASTIC ANEMIA: A. Xylene B. Benzene C. Tetrahydrofuran D. Toluene

B. Benzene

Process whereby the clearing agent is completely removed from the tissue and replaced by a medium that will completely fill all the tissue cavities: A. Embedding B. Infiltration C. Blocking D. Casting

B. Infiltration

Simplest, most common and best embedding medium for routine tissue processing: A. Paraffin wax B. Ester wax C. Celloidin D. Carbowax

Paraffin wax

A semi-synthetic wax used for embedding the eyes: A. Paraplast B. Bioloid C. Ester wax D. Carbowax

Bioloid

The DRY celloidin embedding method is employed chiefly for the: A. Bones and teeth B. Large brain blocks C. Whole organs D. Eyes

Eyes

All of the following are substitutes for paraffin wax, EXCEPT: A. Paraplast B. Embeddol C. Malinol D. Tissue Mat

Malinol

Melting point of ester wax: A. 56-57°C B. 46-48°C C. 54-58°C D. 50-54°C

46-48°C

The last container through which tissue pass through in an automatic tissue processor contains: A. Paraffin B. Xylol C. Formalin D. Alcohol

Paraffin

Microtome knife recommended for frozen sections or for cutting extremely hard and tough specimens embedded in paraffin blocks, using a base-sledge type or sliding microtome: A. Plane-concave knife B. Plane-wedge knife C. Biconcave knife D. None of these

Plane-wedge knife

Removal of gross nicks on the knife edge: A. Honing B. Stropping C. Both of these D. None of these

Honing

Removal of “burr” or irregularities on the knife edge: A. Honing B. Stropping C. Both of these D. None of these

Stropping

Angle formed between the cutting edge of the microtome knife (27°-32°): A. Bevel angle B. Clearance angle C. Both of these D. Neither of these

Bevel angle

Angle formed between the surface of the block and the cutting edge of the knife (0°-15°): A. Bevel angle B. Clearance angle C. Both of these D. Neither of these

B. Clearance angle

This type of microtome easily cuts large blocks and serial sections can be obtained with ease because larger knives can be used: A. Sliding B. Rotary C. Rocking D. Freezing

Sliding

The cryostat is an apparatus used in fresh tissue microtomy. It consists of a microtome, kept inside a cold chamber which has been maintained at a temperature of: A. 20°C B. -20°C C. 4°C D. -4°C

-20°C

A tissue exposed to short burst of CARBON DIOXIDE for a few minutes will: A. Freeze B. Harden C. Dehydrate D. Fix

Freeze

Fat cells and enzymes are best demonstrated in: A. Paraffin section B. Plastic embedded section C. Celloidin section D. Frozen section

Frozen section

When trimming tissue block, they must be surrounded by at least __ of wax. A. 1 mm B. 2 mm C. 3 mm D. 4 mm

2 mm

Thickness of paraffin sections for routine histologic procedures: A. 10-15µ B. 4-6 µ C. 0.5µ D. 5-10µ

4-6 µ

The following methods are done for drying sections on slide, EXCEPT: A. On a hot plate at 45-55°C for 30-45 min. B. On a Bunsen flame C. In an incubator at 37°C for 3 hours D. In a wax oven at 56-60°C for 2 hours

In an incubator at 37°C for 3 hours

Most probable cause when clearing agent turns milky as soon as the tissue is placed in it: A. Incomplete fixation B. Prolonged fixation C. Incomplete dehydration D. Prolonged dehydration

Incomplete dehydration

It is added to Mayer’s egg albumin to prevent the growth of molds: A. Sodium chloride B. Glycerol C. Thymol crystals D. Powdered starch

Thymol crystals

Adhesive added to the water in the floating-out bath – most convenient alternative to direct coating of slides: A. Plasma B. Gelatin C. Starch paste D. Dried albumin

Gelatin

To avoid distortion of the image, the refractive index of the mountant should be near as possible to that of the glass which is: A. 1. 581 B. 1.185 C. 1.518 D. 1.155

1.518

Deparaffinization of tissue sections is accomplished by passing through: A. Ammonia water B. Acetone C. Alcohol D. Xylol

Xylol

Coverslips from slides may be removed by immersion in: A. Ammonia water B. Acetone C. Alcohol D. Xylol

Xylol

Process by which sections are stained with simple aqueous or alcoholic solutions of the dye: A. Progressive staining B. Regressive staining C. Direct staining D. Indirect staining

Direct staining

A tissue-mordant-dye complex is needed in: A. Progressive staining B. Regressive staining C. Direct staining D. Indirect staining

Indirect staining

With this staining technique, the tissue is first overstained, and the excess stain is removed or decolorized from unwanted part of the tissue: A. Progressive staining B. Regressive staining C. Direct staining D. Indirect staining

Regressive staining

The regressive staining method employs this procedure: A. Deparaffinization B. Clearing C. Differentiation D. Dehydration

Differentiation

Accelerate or hasten the speed of the staining power and selectivity of the dye: A. Oxidizing agents B. Acid differentiators C. Accentuators D. Mordants

Accentuators

Substances which aid in attaching a stain or dye to the tissue: A. Oxidizing agents B. Acid differentiators C. Accentuators D. Mordants

Mordants

This technique entails the use of specific dyes, which differentiate particular substances by staining them with a color that is different from that of the stain itself: A. Orthochromatic staining B. Metachromatic staining C. Counterstaining D. Vital staining

Metachromatic staining

All of the following are metachromatic stains, EXCEPT: A. Thionine B. Toluidine blue C. Safranin D. Eosin

Eosin

Stain used for demonstrating mitochondria during intravital staining: A. Victoria blue B. Acridine orange C. Benzidine D. Janus Green B

Janus Green B

Application of a different color or stain to provide contrast and background to the staining of the structural component to be demonstrated: A. Orthochromatic staining B. Metachromatic staining C. Counterstaining D. Vital staining

Counterstaining

The routine stain for surgical tissue section is: A. Gram’s stain B. Wright’s stain C. Pap’s stain D. H&E stain

H&E stain

Routinely used in histopathology as a counterstain/background from contrasting stain because it gives a pleasing and colorful contrasts to nuclear stains: A. Eosin B. Toluidine blue C. Methylene blue D. Crystal violet

Eosin

In the hematoxylin-eosin stain (H&E), this stain acts as the acid dye: A. Hematoxylin B. Eosin C. Either of these D. Neither of these

Eosin

In routine H&E, most fixatives can be used, EXCEPT: A. Zenker’s formol B. Formaldehyde C. Osmic acid D. Picric acid

Osmic acid

Only substance in histopathology that can fix, differentiate or stain tissues all by itself: A. Osmic acid B. Picric acid C. Trichloroacetic acid D. Acetic acid

Picric acid

The active dye (coloring agent) in hematoxylin solution is: A. Hematin B. Hematein C. Hematoxylin D. Hematoxylon

Hematein

All of the following are chemical oxidizing agent/ ripening agent for hematoxylin, EXCEPT: A. Sodium iodate B. Mercuric oxide C. Hydrogen peroxide D. Ammonium alum

Ammonium alum

Ripening agent for Harris’ hematoxylin: A. Sodium iodate B. Mercuric oxide C. Potassium permanganate D. Hydrogen peroxide

Mercuric oxide

Function of ammonium alum in the Harris hematoxylin formula: A. Oxidizing agent B. Mordant C. Dye solvent D. Dye

B. Mordant

Staining of the nuclei by alum hematoxylin is enhanced by the addition of: A. Alum B. Ethanol C. Glacial acetic acid D. Mercuric oxide

C. Glacial acetic acid

Glacial acetic acid added to hematoxylin will: A. Inactivate stain B. Decrease nuclear staining C. Enhance cytoplasmic staining D. Enhance nuclear staining

Enhance nuclear staining

A sheen of oxidized dye on the surface of hematoxylin solution indicates: A. Stain is concentrated B. Stain is contaminated by bacteria C. Stain has to be filtered D. Stain has to be discarded

Stain has to be filtered

Acid alcohol used in routine H&E acts as: A. Mordant B. Stain C. Bluing agent D. Differentiator

Differentiator

The acid used in combination with alcohol in an acid alcohol solution: A. Acetic acid B. Oxalic acid C. Nitric acid D. Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid

Staining result in the routine hematoxylin and eosin method: A. Nuclei pink, cytoplasm blue to blue-black B. Nuclei blue to blue-black, cytoplasm pink C. Nuclei and cytoplasm pink D. Nuclei and cytoplasm blue-black

Nuclei blue to blue-black, cytoplasm pink

A common BASIC NUCLEAR STAIN for plasma cells and may also be employed in cytological examination of fresh sputum for malignant cells: A. Eosin B. Methylene blue C. Crystal violet D. Aniline blue

B. Methylene blue

PAS positive substances are stained: A. Blue B. Brown-black C. Green D. Magenta red

Magenta red

Staining method for glycogen: A. PAS technique B. Langhan’s iodine stain C. Best Carmine method D. All of these

All of these

Tubercle bacilli in Ziehl-Neelsen stain: A. Bright red B. Grayish blue C. Green D. Blue

Bright red

Feulgen’s reaction is the most reliable and most specific histochemical staining technique for: A. RNA B. DNA C. Both D. Neither

DNA

In the Masson-Fontana ammoniacal silver reaction, melanin and argentaffin cell granules are stained: A. Brown B. Red C. Black D. Blue

Black

Lipids in Sudan IV are stained: A. Black B. Blue black C. Red D. Deep blue to violet

Red

Positive reaction for cholesterol in Schultz Method: A. Blue-black B. Grayish-blue C. Pale pink D. Blue-green

Blue-green

The method of choice for staining in exfoliative cytology: A. Pap’s stain B. Wright’s stain C. H&E stain D. Giemsa stain

Pap’s stain

Continuous abnormal proliferation of cells without control causes an overgrowth of tissue or tumor cells: A. Anaplasia B. Hyperplasia C. Neoplasia D. Dysplasia

Neoplasia

The dissolving of cells by enzymatic action is: A. Rotting B. Decay C. Autolysis D. Putrefaction

Autolysis

The dissolving of cells by enzymatic action is: A. Rotting B. Decay C. Autolysis D. Putrefaction

Autolysis

A malignant tumor is least characterized by: A. Metastases B. Mitotic figures C. Encapsulation D. Invasion of adjacent tissues

Encapsulation

Father of modern histology A. Rudolf Virchow B. Marie François Xavier Bichat C. Hippocrates D. Gregor Mendel

Marie François Xavier Bichat

HISTO by Nacino Flashcards

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