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Histology Fall 2014 > Histo Exam 2-Blood & lymph vessels study guide > Flashcards

Histo Exam 2-Blood & lymph vessels study guide Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What classifies a macrovasculature?

A

> 0.1mm in diameter

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2
Q

What are examples of macrovessels?

A

elastic and muscular arteries, large arterioles and veins

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3
Q

What classifies a microvessel?

A

<0.1mm in diameter

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4
Q

What are examples of microvessels?

A

arterioles, capillaries, and post-capillary venules

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5
Q

What is the order of blood flow in the heart?

A

heart>aorta>arteries>aterioles>capillaries>venules>veins>vena cava

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6
Q

How are blood vessels organized?

A

according to type and size

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7
Q

what is the purpose of smooth muscle in arteries?

A

it’s important in maintaining high hydrostatic pressure

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8
Q

Why is there little to no smooth muscle in veins?

A

due to lower pressure in venules

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9
Q

What does smooth muscle do in association with capillary beds?

A

regulates how much blood can be in capillary beds

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10
Q

What are the basic layers of the vascular wall?

A

Intima, Media, Adventitia

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11
Q

What is the tunica intima?

A

single layer of simple squamous epithelia called endothelium.plus a basal lamina and subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue

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12
Q

What is another layer that might be found in the Tunica intima?

A

internal elastic lamina beneath the subendothelium

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13
Q

What types of vessels would this internal elastic lamina be found?

A

most prominent in muscular arteries

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14
Q

What is the tunical media?

A

concentric layer of smooth muscle fibers with interspersed elastic fibers and type 3 collagen

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15
Q

What is found in the tunica media of arteries?

A

external elastic lamina

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16
Q

What is the tunica adevenitia?

A

fibroblasts, type 1 collagen, and elastic fibers oriented along the longitudinal axes

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17
Q

What do arteries do?

A

transport blood away from the heart

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18
Q

What are the two types of arteries?

A

elastic and muscular

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19
Q

What are examples o elastic arteries?

A

aorta and its branches

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of elastic arteries?

A

very thick high walls with high elasticity

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21
Q

What is the purpose of elasticiy in elastic arteries?

A

elasticity helps stabilize and maintain blood flow during systole and diastole

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22
Q

What are weibel-palade bodies?

A

rodlike inclusions within the tightly packed endothelial cells specific for elastic fiber

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23
Q

What does the media of elastic arteries consist of?

A

mostly elastic fibers and concentrically arranged fenestrated elastic lamellae

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24
Q

What happens to the fibers of media in elastic arteries with age?

A

increase with age

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25
What are the multiple layers of tunical media in elastic arteries?
multiple layers of concentrically arranged smooth muscle fibers and vasa vasorum
26
What is a vasa vasorum?
small vessesl within the wall of larger vessels
27
What is adventitia like in elastic arteries?
thin and underdeveloped with mainly fibrocytes, type 1 collagen, elastic fibers, and some vasa vasorum
28
What do the Weibel-Palade bodies do?
contain secretory granules used for post-synthesis storage of endothelial proteins involved in hemostasis and inflammation
29
What do WPBs contain?
P-selectin and von Willebrand Factor
30
What is the purpose of P-selectin?
recruits circulating leukocytes to site of injury
31
What is he purpose of von Willebrand Factor?
plays a major role in blood coagulation
32
What is the purpose of vasa vasorum?
supply the thick vessel layers with oxygen and nutrients
33
What are nervi vasorum?
small unmyelinated sympathetic nerve fibers that stimulate vasoconstriction through release of norepinephrine
34
What are muscular arteries?
Distributing branches of elastic arteries
35
What is the purpose of muscular arteries?
control blood flow to organs by contracting and relaxing smooth muscle within the tunica media
36
What is the tunica intima in muscular arteries like?
prominent internal elastic lamina that sometimes appears undulated/wavy
37
What is the tunica media like in muscular arteries?
contains up to 40 concentric layers of smooth muscle fibers enveloped by their own basal lamina, type III collagen and may have outer external elastic lamina
38
What is the tunica adventicia like in muscular arteries?
thin consisting of loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers, fibrocytes and nerves
39
What is an aneurysm?
abnormal widening of a portion of an artery due to weakness within the vessel wall
40
What are common locations for aneurysms?
aorta, popliteal, mesenteric spenic and cerebral arteries
41
What are characteristics of an arteriole?
endothelium with flat to rounded nuclei and thin subendothelium
42
What are the tunics like in arterioles?
generally only 1-2 smooth muscle layers thick, no internal or external laminal and sparse adventitia
43
What are capillaries composed of?
single layer of endothelial cells rolled into a tube and pericytes
44
What are pericyts?
specialized contractile cells with rounder nuclei that can differentiate into smooth muscle cells in arterioles and venules
45
What is the purpose of capillaries?
allow for exchange of molecules between blood and tissues
46
What portion of blood vessels do capillaries comprise?
90%
47
What are continuous capillaries?
smooth, continuous endothelium with no gaps or pores
48
How are these continuous capillary cells connected?
through tight occluding junctions with a continuous basal lamina
49
How do continuous capillaries transport molecules?
Only through transcytosis or diffusion across endothelial cell membranes
50
Where are continuous capillaries found?
muscle, brain, peripheral nerves, exocrine glands
51
What are fenestrated capillaries?
endothelial cells held together by tight junctions but have perforated pores with a continuous external basal lamina
52
Where are fenestrated capillaries found?
kidneys, intestines, endocrine glands
53
What are discontinuous capillaries?
gaps between endothelial cells that are large enough to allow cells to pass through
54
Sinusoidal capillaries have_____ fenestrations with _________basal lamina.
large, discontinuous
55
Where are sinusoidal capillaries found?
liver, spleen, some endocrine glands, bone marrow
56
What are postcapillary venules?
resemble large capillaries, lumens are much larger than capillaries or arterioles
57
What are the puprose of postcapillary venules?
sites at which white blood cells leave circulation and move into tissues
58
What is the purpose of venules?
allow for gradual transition from capillary to venule
59
What are characteristics of arterioles?
large lumen diameter with very thin wall
60
Where do you find veins in relation to arteries?
usually travel near arteries and are sometimes parallel
61
How do veins differ from arteries?
lumen is less spherical and more irrgularly shaped appear collapsed
62
What is the reason for the difference in veins vs arteries?
lower blood pressure in veins
63
How are veins classified?
small, medium, and large depending on their diameter
64
What are the three tunics in veins?
same as arteries just not well defined
65
What do the valves in veins consist of?
consist of fibroelastic connective tissue covered on both sides by endothelium
66
What is the purpose of vein valves?
prevent backflow of blood due to low pressure
67
Why are valves more prominent in large veins?
wider and under the least amount of pressure
68
What are varicose veins?
weakness in the media caused by increased intraluminal pressure or a defect in the structure or function of a valve
69
Where are varicose veins typically found?
hemorrhoids, esophageal varices and spermatic cord
70
What is the purpose of lymphatic vessels?
transport lymph which flows in one direction toward the heart
71
What do lymph capillaries consits of?
a single layer of endothelium and a thin incomplete basal lamina
72
How do lymphatic vessels resemble veins?
thin intima, thin medial layer mostly longitudinal smooth muscle fibers, thin adventitia and contain valves

Histology Fall 2014 (4 decks)

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