Histo Highison Stomach

Question 1

What does the stomach do to a bolus?

Answer 1

acidifies it and turns it into chyme

Question 2

What does the stomach produce?

Answer 2

pepsin, renin, gastric lipase, some hormones

Question 3

What are the layers of the stomach?

Answer 3

mucosa-> submucosa-> musclaris externa-> serosa

Question 4

What are the three components of the mucosa of the stomach?

Answer 4

epithelium
LP
Muscularis mucosae

Question 5

What kind of cells line the epithelium of the mucosa of the stomach?

Answer 5

surface mucous lining cells

Question 6

What is the LP of the stomach made up of?

Answer 6

smooth muscle
Connective tissue
gastric glands
lymphatic nodules

Question 7

What is the muscularis mucosae of the stomach made up of?

Answer 7

inner incomplete oblique muscle
middle circular muscle
outter longitudinal muscle

Question 8

What is located in the submucosa of the stomach?

Answer 8

the submucosal plexus

Question 9

What is the muscularis externa of the stomach made up of?

Answer 9

incomplete inner oblique muscle
think middle circular muscle
outer longitudinal muscle

Question 10

What forms the pyloric sphincter and has te myenteric plexus?

Answer 10

the thick middle circular muscle of the musclaris externa

Question 11

What is the pyloric antrum?

Answer 11

the entraway into the pylorus

Question 12

What is the first portion of the duodenum?

Answer 12

peritoneum

Question 13

Where are the chief cells and the parietal cells?

Answer 13

the LP

Question 14

What is highly vascularized?

Answer 14

the submucosa

Question 15

Where will you find adipose tissue?

Answer 15

in the muscularis external

Question 16

The stomach is divided histologically into three regions based upon the type of gland that is there. What are they?

Answer 16

cardiac region -> cardiac cells
fundus and body -> fundic glands
pyloric region-> pyloric glands

Question 17

The stomach has longitudinal submucosal folds called (blank) which allow the stomach to distend when filled.

Answer 17

rugae

Question 18

Where are glands found?

Answer 18

in the LP down to muscularis mucosa

Question 19

(blank) consist primarily of mucous secreting cells

Answer 19

cardiac glands

Question 20

(blank) have simple tubule glands and have long pits that primarily produce mucous

Answer 20

pyloric regions

Question 21

(blank) are simple tubular and coiled at the lower end

Answer 21

cardiac glands

Question 22

The (Blank) nature of cardiac glands result in cross and oblique sections

Answer 22

coiled

Question 23

(blank) are simple tubular and branched at the very lower end. The pits are deeper than other glands.

Answer 23

pyloric

Question 24

The (blank) is covered by protective layer of mucus that protects the surface epithelium from mechanical erosion by the ingested food and from the destructive effect of acid and hydrolytic enzymes present in gastric juice.

Answer 24

gastric mucosa

Question 25

Ruga is a longitudinal fold of the gastric (blank) and (Blank)

Answer 25

mucosa and submucosa

Question 26

The (blank) consists of gastric glands, surrounded by a LP containing capillaries and the muscularis mucosae

Answer 26

gastric mucosa

Question 27

Thestomach surface is covered by (blank) that open into gastric glands

Answer 27

gastric pits

Question 28

(blank) cells line the stomach and continue into the gastric pits

Answer 28

surface mucous cells

Question 29

Surface mucous cells produce what 2 things

Answer 29

insoluble thick viscous mucous | bicarb this is trapped in thick mucous coat

Question 30

(blank) cells within glands produce acid and bicarb. The bicarb goes into (blank) to the surface epithelium which allows us to get more bicarb to be pushed out into the stomach cavity.

Answer 30

parietal | fenestrated capillaries

Question 31

Where do you find the most parietal cells

Answer 31

in body/fundus region

Question 32

Bicarb is produced by (blank) cells and parietal cells

Answer 32

mucous surface cells

Question 33

Mucus neck cells make what kind of mucus?

Answer 33

soluble

Question 34

(blank) secrete HCl and Gastric intrinsic factor

Answer 34

parietal cells

Question 35

(blank) have intracellular canaliculi lined by microvilli

Answer 35

parietal cells

Question 36

What are intracellular canaliculi lined by?

Answer 36

microvilli

Question 37

What have abundant mitochondria and why?

Answer 37

parietal cells, needs ATP to pump out H

Question 38

What do gastric juices do?

Answer 38

lower pH and turn pepsinogen to pepsin

Question 39

What is a glycoprotein that binds vit B12?

Answer 39

GIF (gastric intrinsic factor)

Question 40

What helps with the absorption of B12 in ileum?

Answer 40

GIF

Question 41

What do we lose when we age?

Answer 41

ability to produce GIF

Question 42

``` What is this: -autoimmune disease -autoABs against GIF or parietal cells lack of GIF decreases B12 levels which is essential for RBC maturation ```

Answer 42

pernicious anemia (PA)

Question 43

(blank) secrete pepsinogen and precursors to rennin (chymosin) and lipase

Answer 43

chief cells

Question 44

(blank) are also referred to as APUD cells

Answer 44

enteroendocrine cells

Question 45

(blank) must have a special stain to see them and produce endocrine and paracrine secretions.

Answer 45

enteroendocrine cells

Question 46

Gastric pit will always be lined with (blank)

Answer 46

surface mucous cells.

Question 47

The gastric gland is broken into 4 parts, what are they?

Answer 47

pit, neck, upper region of body and lower region of body

Question 48

What do you find in the neck of a gastric gland?

Answer 48

mucus neck cells which have soluble mucus stem cells parietal cells

Question 49

What loves B12?

Answer 49

nerves

Question 50

(blank) secretion-> hormones that goes into the blood stream, or interstitial space or lymphatics targeting cells at a distance. (blank) -> hormones put into the interstitial space or intracellular space targetting neighbor cells

Answer 50

Endocrine | Paracrine secretion

Question 51

Where do you find chief cells in the gastric gland?

Answer 51

in the lower region of the body

Question 52

How often are surface mucous and mucous neck cells replaced?

Answer 52

every 3-6 days

Question 53

How often are these gastric gland cells replaced: parietal cells? Chief and enteroendocrine cells

Answer 53

150-200 days | 60-90 days

Question 54

WHy do parietal cells have canuliculi?

Answer 54

to package HCl

Question 55

Where is serosa present?

Answer 55

everywhere

Question 56

What kind of epithelium is the stomach?

Answer 56

ALL is simple columnar

Question 57

Where are there chief cells?

Answer 57

only in the fundic and body region of the stomach

Question 58

Where are their parietal cells?

Answer 58

rare in cardiac ABUNDANT in fundic and body few in pyloric

Question 59

Where are there enteroendocrine cells?

Answer 59

rare throughout stomach

Question 60

Where do we find these kinds of mucuosal glands: | wide, deep, gastric pits, with short, slightly coiled, simple tubular glands; pits extend into less than half of mucosa

Answer 60

cardiac

Question 61

Where do we find these kinds of glands: | narrow, shallow pits with straight, branched tubular glands, pits extend less than 1/3 into depth of mucosa.

Answer 61

fundic and body region

Question 62

WHere do we find these kinds of glands: | wide,deep pits with coiled, branched, tubular glands; pits extend over half the thickness of mucosa.

Answer 62

pyloric

Question 63

Where doe we have three layers of smooth muscle: inner oblique, middle circuler and outer longitudinal with myenteric plexu between circ and outer layer?

Answer 63

all 3 but fundic/body and pyloric have an inner oblique layer that is inconstant

Question 64

What is the working part of the stomach?

Answer 64

fundic and body

Question 65

(blank )starts below the diaphragm and sweeps down onto the stomach and the first portion of the duodenum.

Answer 65

serosa