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1 umar endorepro 1 > histo of hormone > Flashcards

histo of hormone Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 Direct influences of hypothalamic control?

A
  • Ant pituitary (releasing and inhibiting factors
  • kidney and uterus (ADH and oxytocin in posterior pituitary)
  • Adrenal medulla (symp innervation)
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2
Q

What are indirect targets of hypothalamic hormones?

What are these hormones called?

A

Trophic hormones

Indir. influence by stimulating secretion of hormones by ant pitu gland

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3
Q

where do indirect effects target ?

A 
TSH =thyroid
PRL =prolactin=mamary
ACTH=adrenal cortex 
GH=  from somatotrophic cells
gonads 
bones
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4
Q

where does pituitary come from?

A

ectoderm

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5
Q

others names for anterior and posterior pitu?

A

anterior= adenohypo A for A

posterior = neurohypo

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6
Q

what are the layers of the anterior pitu?

A
  • pars tuberalis
  • pars intermedia
  • pars distalis

consist of mostly glands
-TID

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7
Q

what are the layers of posterior pitu?

A
  • infundibular stalk
  • pars nervosa

carry mostly nerves

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8
Q

which is lighter the pars distalis or pars nervosa?

A

the pars nervosa is lighter stained

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9
Q

what do these cells release

  • somatotrophic cells
  • thyrotrophic cells
  • gonadotrophic cells
A
  • somato= GH growth hormone
  • thyrotrophic= TSH
  • gonadotrophic= FSH and LH (follicle SH and luetenizing hor)
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10
Q

what do corticotrophic cells secrete?

A
  • ACTH which stim. adrenal CORTEX for stress hormones

- MSH stim melanocytes

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11
Q

what do mammatrophic cells secrete?

A

prolactin which stim milk prod

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12
Q

describe components and histology of pars distalis

A
  • acidphils (medium pink) =somatotrophs and mammatrophs
  • basophils (dark pink)= corticotrophs, thyrotrophs, gonadotrophs
  • sinusoidal (fenstrated) capilaries

D for distalis = darker D

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13
Q

describe components and histology of pars intermedia?

A
  • between PD and PN

- small basophils with colliod filled FOLLICLES with cuboidal epith

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14
Q

describe components and histology of pars Nervosa

A

-only stores hormones and continous with stalk
lighter stain which consists of:
-hypothalamic unmylein. axons = Herring Bodies store ADH/oxytocin

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15
Q

describe components and histology of Infundibulum?

A
  • neural portion (infun. stalk) = part of neurohyp. and connects PN to median emmin of hypothalamus
  • adenohypo. portion = surrounds
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16
Q

what are the three basic steps in the hypophyseal portal system?

A
  1. stimulus causes hypothalamic stim or inhib hormones to be released
  2. horm travel in portal v. to anterior pit to stim or inhib hormones made in ant pit.
  3. ant pit secretes horm into secondary capil. plexus eventually into systemic circ.
17
Q

what does the pineal gland make and where it at ?

A

outpocket of 3rd ventricle and covered in pia matter

synth melatonin and serotonin !!

18
Q

what is the blood supplies to thyroid gland?

A
  • superior thyroid vessels

- inferior thyroid vessels

19
Q

what kind of cells make up colloid and what does it contain?

A

simple cuboidal to column epith

CONTAINS THYROGLOBULIN = storage form of T3 and T4

thyroid = only gland to store hormone outside of the cell

20
Q

what stim conversion of thyroglobulin to active T3 T4 ?

A

TSH stim internalization and degradation causing it to activate and be released from follicle cells

21
Q

what is embryo origin of parafollicular C cells and what do they secrete ?

A

from NC

secrete Calcitonin = C for calcitonin

lowers Ca levels by stim Ca secretion in kidneys

22
Q

describe hypothalamic-ant pit- thyroid feedback loop

A

basically antartica story

  • stim like low body temp= hypothal. TRH secretion
  • TRH — TSH release — TH release
  • increase TH release raises body temp
23
Q

what is graves diease and its sx?

A

Abnormal Abs stimulating TSH receptors= over secretion of T3 and T4

sx: elevated metabolism, eyeball protrusion

24
Q

describe hypo thyroidism and its sx?

A

insuff T3,4 prod, usually autoimmune

sx: weight gain, lethargy, sluggish

25
Q

what is problem in goiters?

A

d/t iodine deficency

follicle makes thyroglobulin but cannot iodinate it to make TH

26
Q

what do parathyroid glands regulate?

A

the release PTH and regulate serum Ca and Phosphate levels

27
Q

what two cell types are in parathyroid glands?

A
  • chief (principle) cells= release PTH when blood Ca is low

- oxyphil cells

28
Q

what are the steps of Ca regulation by PTH ?

A

-blood levels drop and PTH is released. PTH will:
Stim osteoclasts, inc Ca reabsorb by kidneys,
stim kidneys to make active vit D (calcitriol),
calcitriol will increase Ca reabsorb by kidneys

29
Q

What are the three adrenal gland layers and their secretion?

A

GFR

  • Zona glomerulosa = mineralcorticoids
  • zona fasciculata= Glucocorticoids
  • zona reticularis = androgens

sex gets sweeter as you go deeper

30
Q

what does the zona glomerulosa release and function ?

A
  • influences Na and K levels
  • releases ALDOSTERONE in response to low BP
  • mineralocorticoids
31
Q

what does the zona fasciculata release and function ?

A
  • glucocorticoids
  • influences glucose metabolism and immune stuff
  • released under ACTH control from anterior pit
  • CORTISOL= stress hormone
32
Q

where are chromaffin cells located and what do they make?

A
  • they in Adrenal medulla

- they make EPI and NE

33
Q

describe the look of epi and NE on histo slides

A

epi= smaller and less dark

NE= larger and darker

34
Q

what is addisons disease?

A

HYPOsecretion of glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids

35
Q

what is cushing syndrome?

A

HYPERsecretion of glucorticoids

d/t ACTH secreting pit. tumor or tumor in Adrenal medulla

sx are high serum glucose. weakness

36
Q

what are the cells in the pancreas and what do they release?

A
  • Alpha = glucagon, stim glucose release from liver
  • Beta = insulin , promotes glycogen storage in liver
  • delta= somatostatin, slow down insulin and glucagon
  • F cells = pancreatic polypeptide = inhibits somatostatin release
37
Q

what are the two blood supplies to the pancreas?

A

pancreas= Dual blood supply

  • insuloacinar portal system
  • acinar vascular system

1 umar endorepro 1 (1 decks)

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