Histo: Systemic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What can JCV infection in HIV positive patients lead to?

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

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2
Q

What is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV positive patients?

A

CMV

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3
Q

Which herpes virus causes Kaposi sarcoma?

A

HHV8

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4
Q

What is the main histological finding in sarcoidosis?

A

Non-caseating granulomas

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5
Q

How does end-stage sarcoidosis appear on CXR?

A

‘Honeycomb’ lung

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6
Q

What is a granuloma made up of?

A

Lymphoid cells and giant cells

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7
Q

What colour does IgG4 stain when positive?

A

Brown

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8
Q

Recall 3 diseases caused by IgG4 inflammation

A

Autoimmune pancreatitis
Riedel thyroiditis
Inflammatory pseudotumours

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9
Q

What is the structure of amyloid?

A

Beta pleated sheet that forms non-branching fibrils

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10
Q

What is the cause of AA amyloidosis?

What is the cause of AL amyloidosis?

A

AA: Derived from serum Amyloid A protein - produced in chronic inflammation

AL: Derived from light chain component of immunoglobulins

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11
Q

Which conditions are particularly implicated in the development of AA amyloidosis?

A

Crohn’s
Rheumatoid arthritis

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12
Q

What conditions can cause AL amyloidosis?

A

Myeloma
B cell neoplasms

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13
Q

What is the link between transthyretin and amyloidosis?

A

Transthyretin mutation leads to misfolding of the protein -> can lead to cardiac amyloid deposition

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14
Q

What stain can be used for amyloid?

A

Congo red - gives green birefringence under polarised light

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15
Q

What does amyloid always contain?

A

P-component

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