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DM > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Mucosa Layer

A
  • Components: Epithelium, Lamina Propria (Loose CT, BVs, Lymph Vessels, Mucosal Glands, GALT), Muscular Mucosa (Inner Circular & Outer Longitudinal)
  • Function: Absorption (digested nutrients, water, electrolytes), Secretion (mucus, digestive enzymes, hormones, anitbodies), Protection
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2
Q

Submucosa

A
  • Components: Dense Irregular CT, BVs, Lymphatic Vessels, Submucosal Glands, Meisner’s Plexus (neuronal cells bodies - postganglionic parasympathetic)
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3
Q

Muscularis Externa

A
  • Components: Inner Circular SM Layer & Outer Longitudinal SM Layer, Myenteric/Auerbach’s Plexus
  • Functions: Peristalsis
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4
Q

Serosa

A
  • CT
  • Epithelium/Mesothelium: Simple Squamous
  • Organs: Intraperitoneal & mesentery
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5
Q

Adventitia

A
  • CT
  • Function: Protection & attachment to body wall
  • Organs: Retroperitoneal - no complete serosal covering
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6
Q

Sulcus Terminalis

A

V-shaped depression on Tongue that divides it into Anterior 2/3 & Posterior 1/3

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7
Q

Tongue

A
  • Lingual Muscles: Striated - Extrinsic & Intrinsic
  • Sulcus Terminalis
  • Foramen Cecum
  • Lingual Papilla: Filiform, Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate
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8
Q

Filiform Lingual Papillae

A
  • Shape: Small & conical
  • Epithelium: Keratinized Stratified Squamous
  • Function: Mechanical
  • Location: Entire dorsal surface
  • Taste Buds: None
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9
Q

Fungiform Lingual Papillae

A
  • Shape: Mushroom
  • Epithelium: Stratified Squamous
  • Location: Tip
  • Taste Buds: Dorsal epithelium
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10
Q

Foliate Lingual Papillae

A
  • Shape: Rows with deep clefts
  • Epithelium: Stratified Squamous
  • Function: Rudimentary in adults
  • Location: Lateral Edges
  • Taste Buds: Posterior Lateral surface
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11
Q

Circumvillate Lingual Papilale

A
  • Shape: Dome, surrounded by moat-like invaginations receiving from Von Ebner’s Glands (serous)
  • Epithelium: Stratified Squamous
  • Location: Posterior
  • Taste Buds: Lateral surface
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12
Q

Taste Buds

A
  • Location: Extend through Epithelium
  • Function: Detect tastants from food
  • Composition: Taste Pore, Sensory Neuroepithelial Cells, Supporting Cells, Basal Cells
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13
Q

Esophagus

A
  • Long muscular tube
  • Location: Pharynx to Stomach
  • Function: Conduit for food bolus from mouth
  • Characterization: Collapsed lumen with longitudinal folds
  • Epithelium: Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous
  • Lamina Propria: Esophageal Cardiac Glands
  • Muscularis Mucosa: Longitudinal Muscle (single layer)
  • Submucosa: Dense Irregular CT, Meissner’s Plexus, Esophageal Glands Proper
  • Muscularis Externa: Upper 1/3 Striated, Middle 1/3 Striated + Smooth, Lower 1/3 Smooth, Myenteric/Auerbach Plexus
  • Serosa: Below Diaphragm
  • Adventitia: Above Diaphragm
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14
Q

Esophagogastric/Gastroesophageal Junction

A
  • Epi: Stratified Columnar
  • LP: Gastric Cardiac Glands
  • MM: Inner Circular & Outer Longitudinal
  • Submucosa: No glands
  • Muscularis Externa: Upper Striated, Middle Striated/Smooth, Lower Smooth, & Innermost Oblique
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15
Q

Stomach

A
  • Regions: Cardiac (short pits & short glands; tubular & some branching; mucus secreting & enteroendocrine cells), Fundic (long pits & short glands; tubular, branched, & coiled; secretory & enteroendocrine cells), Pyloric (short pits & long glands; tubular & branched; isthmus, neck, fundus; mucus neck & oxynitic/parietal cells)
  • Functions: Mixing, Partial enzymatic digestion (pepsin, lipase), Partial food digestion (chyme), Absorption (minimal - water, NSAIDs, alcohol, aspirin)
  • Characterization: Gastric Pits & Glands in Mucosa
  • Epi: Simple columnar
  • LP: Loose CT
  • MM: Inner circular & outer longitudinal
  • Submucosa: Dense CT, BVs, Myenteric Plexus
  • ME: Innermost Oblique, Middle Circular (thickens forming Pyloric Sphincter), Outer Longitudinal
  • Serosa, no Adv.
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16
Q

Gastroduodenal Junction

A
  • Mucosa: Finger-shaped Villi
  • Submucosa: Brunner’s Glands
  • ME: Dissapearance of Oblique layer, returns to 2 layers (Inner Circular & Outer Longitudinal)
17
Q

Small Intestine

A
  • Function: Digestion, Absorption
  • Regions: Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
  • Receives: Chyme (Stomach), Enzymes (Pancreas), Bile (Liver)
  • Characterizations: Plicae Circularis, Villi, Microvilli
  • Epithelium: Simple Columnar
  • LP: GALT with Lacteals
  • MM: Inner circular & Outer longitudinal
  • Mucosa: Crypts of Lieberkuhn/Intestinal Glands
  • Submucosa: Dense CT, Meissner’s Plexus, Plicae Circularis/Circular folds/Valves of Kerckring
  • ME: Inner circular & outer longitudinal, Auerbach’s/Myenteric Plexus
  • Mainly Serosa (excepts 2nd-4th parts of Duodenum)
  • Cell Types: Enterocytes, Goblet Cells, Paneth Cells, Enteroendocrine Cells, M Cells
18
Q

Large Intestine

A
  • Components: Colon (Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid), Cecum, Appendix, Rectum, Anal Canal
  • Characterization: Taenia Coli, Haustra, Omental Appendices
  • Function: Reabsorption (water & electrolytes) & Waste Elimination
  • Epi: Simple Columnar, Goblet cells
  • LP: GALT
  • MM: Inner circular & outer longitudinal
  • ME: Not in Appendix, Rectum, or Anal Canal
  • Mucosa: Smooth surface (no Villi)
19
Q

Appendix

A
  • Extension of Cecum
  • Taenia Coli ends at base
  • Lymphatic nodules extend into Submucosa
20
Q

Rectum

A
  • Characterization: Transverse folds
  • Mucosa: Smooth, no villi
  • Epi: Simple Columnar, Goblet cells, Crypts of Lieberkuhn
  • LP: GALT
  • ME: No Taenia Coli, continuous longitudinal layer
  • Adventitia
21
Q

Anal Canal

A
  • Epi: Colorectal Zone - Simple Columnar, Transition Zone - Simple Columnar of Mucosa & Stratified Squamoud of Perianal Skin, Squamous Zone - Stratified Squamous Keratinized
  • Submucosa: Anal Glands
  • ME: Anal Glands
22
Q

Intercalated Salivary Ducts

A
  • Epithelium: Simple low cuboidal
  • Secretion: HCO3-
  • Absorption: Cl-
23
Q

Striated Salivary Ducts

A
  • Epithelium: Simple high cuboidal to columnar
  • Characterization: Basal striations
  • Secretion: K+, adds HCO3-
  • Reabsorption: Na+
24
Q

Excretory Salivary Ducts

A
  • Epithelium: Psuedostratified, Stratified Cuboidal/Columnar/Squamous near oral cavity
  • Location: Interlobular & Intralobular CT
  • Empties into Oral Cavity
25
Q

Parotid Salivary Glands

A
  • Location: Anterior & Inferior to ear
  • Classification: Serous, Compound, Alveolar
  • Secretion: Serous acini (amylase), Apical secretory granules (peroxidase, lysozyme, cystains), Myoepithelial cells
  • Ducts: Intercalated & Striated; Stensons Ducts (main excretory)
  • Trabeculae
26
Q

Submandibular Salivary Glands

A
  • Location: Sides of mouth floor
  • Classification: Mixed, Compound, Tubuloalveolar
  • Secretion: Serous acini & Mixed acini, Demilunes, Myoepithelial cells
  • Ducts: Intercalated & Striated - empty into Lingual Frenulum
27
Q

Sublingual Salivary Glands

A
  • Location: Anterior & Lateral mouth floor
  • Classification: Mixed, Compound, Tubuloalveolar
  • Secretion: Mixed acini & Mucus acini, Myoepithelial cells
  • Ducts: Intercalated & Striated
28
Q

Liver Classic/Structural Lobule

A
  • Hexagonal hepatocyte clusters radiating from Central Vein
  • Portal Areas/Canals
  • Plates of Hepatocytes
  • Sinusoidal Capillaries - Discontinuous Epithelium, Kupffer Cells (stellate sinusoidal macrophages)
  • Foamy Cytoplasm (Glycogen, Lipofuscin, Lipid droplets, SER/RER, Mitochondria, etc.)
  • Bile Canaliculi (exocrine function)
  • Perisinusoidal Space of Disse: Lies between hepatocytes & sinusoids; Endocrine function - Exchange material between blood & hepatocytes; Components - Ito Cells (VitA storage), reticular fibers, unmyelinated nerve fibers, microvilli
29
Q

Liver Portal/Functional Lobule

A
  • Triangular region: 3 apices are neighboring Central Vein & Portal Area
  • Exocrine Function - Bile flow
30
Q

Gallbladder

A
  • Epithelium: Simple Columnar with microvilli, lateral plications, & mitochondria
  • LP: Fenestrated Capillaries, Mucus glands
  • MM: None - False Lumen
  • Serosa & Adventitia
  • Sinuses of Rokitansky-Aschoff
31
Q

Pancreas

A
  • Retroperitoneal
  • Exocrine: Serous (centroacinar cells), Compound, Tubuloalveolar glands (Intercalated, intralobular, interlobular)
  • Endocrine: Islets of Langerhans, mainy in Tail
  • Secretion Regulation: Cholecystokinin/Pancreozymin (induce proenzyme release - trypsinogen, chemotrypsinogen, peptidase, amylase, lipase) & Secretin (induce enzyme-poor alkaline fluid release)

DM (22 decks)

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