- Components: Epithelium, Lamina Propria (Loose CT, BVs, Lymph Vessels, Mucosal Glands, GALT), Muscular Mucosa (Inner Circular & Outer Longitudinal) - Function: Absorption (digested nutrients, water, electrolytes), Secretion (mucus, digestive enzymes, hormones, anitbodies), Protection

- Components: Dense Irregular CT, BVs, Lymphatic Vessels, Submucosal Glands, Meisner’s Plexus (neuronal cells bodies - postganglionic parasympathetic)

- Components: Inner Circular SM Layer & Outer Longitudinal SM Layer, Myenteric/Auerbach’s Plexus - Functions: Peristalsis

- CT - Epithelium/Mesothelium: Simple Squamous - Organs: Intraperitoneal & mesentery

- CT - Function: Protection & attachment to body wall - Organs: Retroperitoneal - no complete serosal covering

- Lingual Muscles: Striated - Extrinsic & Intrinsic - Sulcus Terminalis - Foramen Cecum - Lingual Papilla: Filiform, Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate

- Location: Extend through Epithelium - Function: Detect tastants from food - Composition: Taste Pore, Sensory Neuroepithelial Cells, Supporting Cells, Basal Cells

- Long muscular tube - Location: Pharynx to Stomach - Function: Conduit for food bolus from mouth - Characterization: Collapsed lumen with longitudinal folds - Epithelium: Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous - Lamina Propria: Esophageal Cardiac Glands - Muscularis Mucosa: Longitudinal Muscle (single layer) - Submucosa: Dense Irregular CT, Meissner’s Plexus, Esophageal Glands Proper - Muscularis Externa: Upper 1/3 Striated, Middle 1/3 Striated + Smooth, Lower 1/3 Smooth, Myenteric/Auerbach Plexus - Serosa: Below Diaphragm - Adventitia: Above Diaphragm

- Regions: Cardiac (short pits & short glands; tubular & some branching; mucus secreting & enteroendocrine cells), Fundic (long pits & short glands; tubular, branched, & coiled; secretory & enteroendocrine cells), Pyloric (short pits & long glands; tubular & branched; isthmus, neck, fundus; mucus neck & oxynitic/parietal cells) - Functions: Mixing, Partial enzymatic digestion (pepsin, lipase), Partial food digestion (chyme), Absorption (minimal - water, NSAIDs, alcohol, aspirin) - Characterization: Gastric Pits & Glands in Mucosa - Epi: Simple columnar - LP: Loose CT - MM: Inner circular & outer longitudinal - Submucosa: Dense CT, BVs, Myenteric Plexus - ME: Innermost Oblique, Middle Circular (thickens forming Pyloric Sphincter), Outer Longitudinal - Serosa, no Adv.

Histology Flashcards by Brianna DiMichele

Mucosa Layer

Components: Epithelium, Lamina Propria (Loose CT, BVs, Lymph Vessels, Mucosal Glands, GALT), Muscular Mucosa (Inner Circular & Outer Longitudinal)
Function: Absorption (digested nutrients, water, electrolytes), Secretion (mucus, digestive enzymes, hormones, anitbodies), Protection

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Submucosa

Components: Dense Irregular CT, BVs, Lymphatic Vessels, Submucosal Glands, Meisner’s Plexus (neuronal cells bodies - postganglionic parasympathetic)

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Muscularis Externa

Components: Inner Circular SM Layer & Outer Longitudinal SM Layer, Myenteric/Auerbach’s Plexus
Functions: Peristalsis

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Serosa

CT
Epithelium/Mesothelium: Simple Squamous
Organs: Intraperitoneal & mesentery

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Adventitia

CT
Function: Protection & attachment to body wall
Organs: Retroperitoneal - no complete serosal covering

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Sulcus Terminalis

V-shaped depression on Tongue that divides it into Anterior 2/3 & Posterior 1/3

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Tongue

Lingual Muscles: Striated - Extrinsic & Intrinsic
Sulcus Terminalis
Foramen Cecum
Lingual Papilla: Filiform, Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate

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Filiform Lingual Papillae

Shape: Small & conical
Epithelium: Keratinized Stratified Squamous
Function: Mechanical
Location: Entire dorsal surface
Taste Buds: None

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Fungiform Lingual Papillae

Shape: Mushroom
Epithelium: Stratified Squamous
Location: Tip
Taste Buds: Dorsal epithelium

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Foliate Lingual Papillae

Shape: Rows with deep clefts
Epithelium: Stratified Squamous
Function: Rudimentary in adults
Location: Lateral Edges
Taste Buds: Posterior Lateral surface

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Circumvillate Lingual Papilale

Shape: Dome, surrounded by moat-like invaginations receiving from Von Ebner’s Glands (serous)
Epithelium: Stratified Squamous
Location: Posterior
Taste Buds: Lateral surface

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Taste Buds

Location: Extend through Epithelium
Function: Detect tastants from food
Composition: Taste Pore, Sensory Neuroepithelial Cells, Supporting Cells, Basal Cells

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Esophagus

Long muscular tube
Location: Pharynx to Stomach
Function: Conduit for food bolus from mouth
Characterization: Collapsed lumen with longitudinal folds
Epithelium: Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous
Lamina Propria: Esophageal Cardiac Glands
Muscularis Mucosa: Longitudinal Muscle (single layer)
Submucosa: Dense Irregular CT, Meissner’s Plexus, Esophageal Glands Proper
Muscularis Externa: Upper 1/3 Striated, Middle 1/3 Striated + Smooth, Lower 1/3 Smooth, Myenteric/Auerbach Plexus
Serosa: Below Diaphragm
Adventitia: Above Diaphragm

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Esophagogastric/Gastroesophageal Junction

Epi: Stratified Columnar
LP: Gastric Cardiac Glands
MM: Inner Circular & Outer Longitudinal
Submucosa: No glands
Muscularis Externa: Upper Striated, Middle Striated/Smooth, Lower Smooth, & Innermost Oblique

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Stomach

Regions: Cardiac (short pits & short glands; tubular & some branching; mucus secreting & enteroendocrine cells), Fundic (long pits & short glands; tubular, branched, & coiled; secretory & enteroendocrine cells), Pyloric (short pits & long glands; tubular & branched; isthmus, neck, fundus; mucus neck & oxynitic/parietal cells)
Functions: Mixing, Partial enzymatic digestion (pepsin, lipase), Partial food digestion (chyme), Absorption (minimal - water, NSAIDs, alcohol, aspirin)
Characterization: Gastric Pits & Glands in Mucosa
Epi: Simple columnar
LP: Loose CT
MM: Inner circular & outer longitudinal
Submucosa: Dense CT, BVs, Myenteric Plexus
ME: Innermost Oblique, Middle Circular (thickens forming Pyloric Sphincter), Outer Longitudinal
Serosa, no Adv.

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Gastroduodenal Junction

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Mucosa: Finger-shaped Villi
Submucosa: Brunner’s Glands
ME: Dissapearance of Oblique layer, returns to 2 layers (Inner Circular & Outer Longitudinal)

Small Intestine

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Function: Digestion, Absorption
Regions: Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
Receives: Chyme (Stomach), Enzymes (Pancreas), Bile (Liver)
Characterizations: Plicae Circularis, Villi, Microvilli
Epithelium: Simple Columnar
LP: GALT with Lacteals
MM: Inner circular & Outer longitudinal
Mucosa: Crypts of Lieberkuhn/Intestinal Glands
Submucosa: Dense CT, Meissner’s Plexus, Plicae Circularis/Circular folds/Valves of Kerckring
ME: Inner circular & outer longitudinal, Auerbach’s/Myenteric Plexus
Mainly Serosa (excepts 2nd-4th parts of Duodenum)
Cell Types: Enterocytes, Goblet Cells, Paneth Cells, Enteroendocrine Cells, M Cells

Large Intestine

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Components: Colon (Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid), Cecum, Appendix, Rectum, Anal Canal
Characterization: Taenia Coli, Haustra, Omental Appendices
Function: Reabsorption (water & electrolytes) & Waste Elimination
Epi: Simple Columnar, Goblet cells
LP: GALT
MM: Inner circular & outer longitudinal
ME: Not in Appendix, Rectum, or Anal Canal
Mucosa: Smooth surface (no Villi)

Appendix

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Extension of Cecum
Taenia Coli ends at base
Lymphatic nodules extend into Submucosa

Rectum

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Characterization: Transverse folds
Mucosa: Smooth, no villi
Epi: Simple Columnar, Goblet cells, Crypts of Lieberkuhn
LP: GALT
ME: No Taenia Coli, continuous longitudinal layer
Adventitia

Anal Canal

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Epi: Colorectal Zone - Simple Columnar, Transition Zone - Simple Columnar of Mucosa & Stratified Squamoud of Perianal Skin, Squamous Zone - Stratified Squamous Keratinized
Submucosa: Anal Glands
ME: Anal Glands

Intercalated Salivary Ducts

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Epithelium: Simple low cuboidal
Secretion: HCO3-
Absorption: Cl-

Striated Salivary Ducts

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Epithelium: Simple high cuboidal to columnar
Characterization: Basal striations
Secretion: K+, adds HCO3-
Reabsorption: Na+

Excretory Salivary Ducts

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Epithelium: Psuedostratified, Stratified Cuboidal/Columnar/Squamous near oral cavity
Location: Interlobular & Intralobular CT
Empties into Oral Cavity

Parotid Salivary Glands

- Location: Anterior & Inferior to ear - Classification: Serous, Compound, Alveolar - Secretion: Serous acini (amylase), Apical secretory granules (peroxidase, lysozyme, cystains), Myoepithelial cells - Ducts: Intercalated & Striated; Stensons Ducts (main excretory) - Trabeculae

Submandibular Salivary Glands

- Location: Sides of mouth floor - Classification: Mixed, Compound, Tubuloalveolar - Secretion: Serous acini & Mixed acini, Demilunes, Myoepithelial cells - Ducts: Intercalated & Striated - empty into Lingual Frenulum

Sublingual Salivary Glands

- Location: Anterior & Lateral mouth floor - Classification: Mixed, Compound, Tubuloalveolar - Secretion: Mixed acini & Mucus acini, Myoepithelial cells - Ducts: Intercalated & Striated

Liver Classic/Structural Lobule

- Hexagonal hepatocyte clusters radiating from Central Vein - Portal Areas/Canals - Plates of Hepatocytes - Sinusoidal Capillaries - Discontinuous Epithelium, Kupffer Cells (stellate sinusoidal macrophages) - Foamy Cytoplasm (Glycogen, Lipofuscin, Lipid droplets, SER/RER, Mitochondria, etc.) - Bile Canaliculi (exocrine function) - Perisinusoidal Space of Disse: Lies between hepatocytes & sinusoids; Endocrine function - Exchange material between blood & hepatocytes; Components - Ito Cells (VitA storage), reticular fibers, unmyelinated nerve fibers, microvilli

Liver Portal/Functional Lobule

- Triangular region: 3 apices are neighboring Central Vein & Portal Area - Exocrine Function - Bile flow

Gallbladder

- Epithelium: Simple Columnar with microvilli, lateral plications, & mitochondria - LP: Fenestrated Capillaries, Mucus glands - MM: None - False Lumen - Serosa & Adventitia - Sinuses of Rokitansky-Aschoff

Pancreas

- Retroperitoneal - Exocrine: Serous (centroacinar cells), Compound, Tubuloalveolar glands (Intercalated, intralobular, interlobular) - Endocrine: Islets of Langerhans, mainy in Tail - Secretion Regulation: Cholecystokinin/Pancreozymin (induce proenzyme release - trypsinogen, chemotrypsinogen, peptidase, amylase, lipase) & Secretin (induce enzyme-poor alkaline fluid release)

Histology Flashcards

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