Histology

Question 1

Name all kinds of epithelial tissue

Answer 1

Simple Squamous; Simple Cuboidal; Simple Columnar; Respiratory; Stratified Squamous; Transitional

Question 2

Name all kinds of connective tissue

Answer 2

Loose; Dense Irregular; Dense Regular; Adipose; Cartilage; Bone; Blood

Question 3

Name all kinds of muscle tissue

Answer 3

Skeletal; Cardiac; Smooth

Question 4

Name the 4 main type of tissues

Answer 4

Epithelial; Connective; Nervous; Muscle

Question 5

Basement Membrane

Answer 5

non-cellular layer that adheres to epithelial cells

Question 6

Basal Surface

Answer 6

edge of the cell touching basement membrane

Question 7

Apical Surface

Answer 7

free surface exposed to outside or to open space

Question 8

Define epithelial cells

Answer 8

composed mostly of cells with little matrix; classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of layers present; covers or lines parts of the body or is found in glandular tissue

Question 9

Stratified

Answer 9

only one layer touches basement membrane and one layer touches free space

Question 10

Simple

Answer 10

cells in a single layer, all cells touch basement membrane and free space

Question 11

Simple Squamous Epithelium Function

Answer 11

Diffusion, filtration, some secretion, and some protection against friction

Question 12

Simple Squamous Epithelium Locations

Answer 12

lining of blood vessels and the heart, lymphatic vessels, alveoli, portions of the kidney tubules, pericardial

Question 13

Simple Squamous Epithelium Structure

Answer 13

single layer of flat, often hexagonal cells; the nuclei appear as bumps when viewed in cross section because the cells are so flat

Question 14

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Structure

Answer 14

single layer of cube-shaped cells; some cells have microvilli or cillia

Question 15

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Function

Answer 15

secretion and absorption by cells of the kidney tubules; secretion by cells of glands and choroid plexuses; movement of particles embedded in mucus out of the terminal bronchioles by cilliated cells

Question 16

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Location

Answer 16

kidney tubules, glands and their ducts, choroid plexuses of the brain, lining of terminal bronchioles of the lungs, and surfaces of the ovaries

Question 17

Simple Columnar Epithelium Structure

Answer 17

single layer of tall, narrow cells; some cells have cilia or microvilli

Question 18

Simple Columnar Epithelium Function

Answer 18

movement of particles out of the bronchioles of the lungs by ciliated cells; partially responsible for the movement of oocytes through the uterine tubes by ciliated cells; secretion by cells of the glands, the stomach, and the intestines; absorption by cells of the intestines

Question 19

Simple Columnar Epithelium Location

Answer 19

glands and some ducts, bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, bile ducts, and ventricles of the brain

Question 20

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Structure

Answer 20

single layer of cells; some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface, and others do not; the nuclei of these cells are at different levels and appear stratified; the cells are almost always ciliated and are associated with goblet cells that secrete mucus onto the free surface

Question 21

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Function

Answer 21

synthesize and secrete mucus onto the free surface and move mucus that contains foreign particles over the surface of the free surface and from passages

Question 22

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Location

Answer 22

lining of nasal cavity, nasal sinuses, auditory tubes, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi of lungs

Question 23

Stratified Squamous Epithelium Structure

Answer 23

several layers of cells that are cuboidal in the basal layer and progressively flattened toward the surface; the epithelium can be nonkeratinized or keratinized

Question 24

Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium Structure

Answer 24

the surface cells retain a nucleus and cytoplasm (nonkeratinized = moist)

Question 25

Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium Structure

Answer 25

cytoplasm of cells at the surface is replaced by a protein called keratin and the cells are dead

Question 26

Stratified Squamous Epithelium Function

Answer 26

protects against abrasion, forms a barrier against infection, and reduces loss of water from the body

Question 27

Stratified Squamous Epithelium Location

Answer 27

keratinized - outer layer of the skin; nonkeratinized - mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, inferior urethra, and corneas

Question 28

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Structure

Answer 28

multiple layers of somewhat cube-shaped cells

Question 29

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Function

Answer 29

secretion, absorption, protection against infection

Question 30

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Location

Answer 30

sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicular cells, salivary gland ducts

Question 31

Stratified Columnar Epithelium Structure

Answer 31

multiple layers of cells with tall, thin cells resting on layers of more cube-shaped cells; the cells are cillated in the larynx

Question 32

Stratified Columnar Epithelium Function

Answer 32

protection, secretion

Question 33

Stratified Columnar Epithelium Location

Answer 33

mammary gland ducts, larynx, a portion of the male urethra

Question 34

Transitional Epithelium Structure

Answer 34

stratified cells that appear cuboidal when the organ or tube is not stretched and squamous when the organ or tube is stretched by fluid

Question 35

Transitional Epithelium Function

Answer 35

accommodates fluctuations in the volume of fluid in an organ or a tube; protects against the caustic effects of urine

Question 36

Transitional Epithelium Location

Answer 36

lining of urinary bladder, ureters, and superior urethra

Question 37

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 37

long, threadlike cells called muscle fibers; striations - alternating light and dark bands

Question 38

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 38

calls called myocytes or cariocytes; striated; cardiac myocytes are joined together at junctions called intercalated discs

Question 39

Smooth Muscle

Answer 39

lacks striation; cells called myocytes