Histology

Question 1

What is histology?

Answer 1

study of microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues

Question 2

Histology is the basis of what three other things?

Answer 2

histopathology, diagnosing, treating disease

Question 3

What are the basic units of the human body?

Answer 3

cells

Question 4

What are the aggregates of cells which serve a specific function?

Answer 4

tissues

Question 5

What are the aggregates of tissues which serve multiple, but related functions?

Answer 5

organs

Question 6

What contains the cell genetic materials?

Answer 6

nucleus

Question 7

What is the layer that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, and how many layers does it have?

Answer 7

Nuclear envelope, 2

Question 8

What is within the nucleolus?

Answer 8

ribosomes

Question 9

What is the control center of th cell?

Answer 9

nucleus

Question 10

What separates the cell from the extracellular environment?

Answer 10

plasma membrane

Question 11

What part of the cell contains all of the organelles found within the cell?

Answer 11

cytoplasm

Question 12

What is a filamentous structure of proteins that provides the structural framework of the cell?

Answer 12

cytoskeleton

Question 13

What does the mitochondria do?

Answer 13

generates ATP, powerhouse of the cell

Question 14

What happens in the cytoplasm after the nucleolus produces ribosomes?

Answer 14

translate mRNA and make proteins

Question 15

What happens in the smooth ER?

Answer 15

steroid synthesis

Question 16

What happens in the rough ER?

Answer 16

protein synthesis (ribosomes)

Question 17

What happens in the golgi apparatus?

Answer 17

process and package macromolecules

Question 18

What happens in the lysosomes?

Answer 18

digestion (the cell’s garbage disposal system)

Question 19

What are the four tissues found in the body?

Answer 19

epithelium, muscle, nerve, connective tissue

Question 20

What is the main function of epithelium in the body?

Answer 20

line the cavities and surfaces of structures

Question 21

What lies beneath epithelium tissue?

Answer 21

basement membrane

Question 22

What tissue does epithelium lie on top of (other than base membrane)?

Answer 22

connective tissue

Question 23

What are the 7 main features of epithelia?

Answer 23

highly cellular
almost always avascular
nerve innervation for sensation
rapid cell turnover
basement membrane
junctional complex
polarized

Question 24

what is a tight junction complex?

Answer 24

impermeable cells that seal neighboring cells together

Question 25

what is a gap junction complex?

Answer 25

allows passage of small molecules

Question 26

what is a desmosome?

Answer 26

joins intermediate filaments in one cell to those in the neighbor cell

Question 27

what is an adhering junction complex?

Answer 27

joins actin bundle in one cell to a bundle in the neighbor cell

Question 28

Where is the apical domain of the epithelia?

Answer 28

directed toward the exterior (superior) surface

Question 29

Where is the lateral domain of the epithelia?

Answer 29

contacts and communicates with adjacent cells

Question 30

Where is the basal domain of the epithelia?

Answer 30

rests on the basement membrane anchoring the cell to the underlying connective tissue

Question 31

What are the five functions of epithetlia?

Answer 31

protect transport secretion absorption sensation

Question 32

What are the two ways to classify epithelium?

Answer 32

number of layers, shape of top layer of cells

Question 33

What is simple epithelium?

Answer 33

one cell layer thick

Question 34

What is stratified epithelium?

Answer 34

multilayered

Question 35

What is pseudostratified epithelium?

Answer 35

simple columnar epithelial sells where the nuclei appear at different heights, making it look multilayered but it is actually only one layer thick

Question 36

What is squamous epithelium?

Answer 36

appear to have thin, flat plates

Question 37

What is cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 37

cubed shape, square in cross section

Question 38

What is columnar epithelium?

Answer 38

elongated and column-shaped

Question 39

What is transitional epithelium?

Answer 39

specialized that allows for stretch, top layer appears dome-like

Question 40

what is keratizined epithelium?

Answer 40

the most apical layer of cells (dead, lost nucleus and cytoplasm)

Question 41

What is the purpose of cilia?

Answer 41

move material along cell surface

Question 42

What is the importance of microvilli?

Answer 42

increase surface area