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GIT > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

The oral cavity is composed by the mouth cavity and the ____________, it is lined by ___________________ epithelium.

A

Oral cavity:
1) Mouth cavity
2) Vestibule

Lined by stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q

The lips are composed of an

Outer surface:
skin, hair folicle, sebaceous glands, orbicularis oris (skeletal/smooth muscle)

Inner surface:
______ membrane
Stratified squamous (non-)keratinising epithelium
Labial glands
Sensory nerves

A

Orbicularis oris (Skeletal)

Inner surface:
mucous membrane
Stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium

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3
Q

The tongue is covered by a ______ membrane and has (rough/smooth) upper surface and (rough/smooth) under surface.

A

Mucous membrane
Rough upper, smooth lower

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of papillae found on the tongue?

A

1) Filiform
2) Fungiform
3) Circumvallate
4) Foliate

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5
Q

What is the difference between fungiform and filiform papillae?

A

Filiform > numerous and smaller
but no taste buds (fungiform have)

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6
Q

The tongue has striated muscle in ___ planes?

A

3 planes

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7
Q

Taste buds are ______-shaped, extend through the full thickness of the epithelium and have (outer/inner) taste pores.

A

Barrel-shaped

Outer taste pores

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8
Q

What are 3 cell types in taste buds?

A

1) Supporting
2) Gustatory/neuroepithelial
3) Basal

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9
Q

What are 3 types of salivary glands?

A

1) Parotid gland
2) Submandibular gland
3) Sublingual gland

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10
Q

What are the secretory units of salivary glands?

A

Acini (serous, mucous or mixed)

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11
Q

The parotid gland:
- consists of _________ acini
- covered by __________, divided into lobules by _______ where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.

A

Parotid:
- consists of mucous acini
- covered by connective tissue capsule, divided into lobules by septum where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.

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12
Q

The submandibular gland:
- consists of _________ acini
- covered by __________, divided into lobules by _______ where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.

A

Submandibular:
- consists of mixed seromucous acini
- covered by connective tissue capsule, divided into lobules by septum where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.

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13
Q

The sublingual gland:
- consists of _________ acini
- covered by __________, divided into lobules by _______ where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.

A

Sublingual
- consists of mixed seromucous but mostly mucous acini
- covered by connective tissue capsule, divided into lobules by septum where blood vessels nerves and parasympathetic ganglia are found.

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14
Q

Serous acini are (Darkly/Lightly) stained while Mucous acini are (darkly/lightly) stained.

A

Serous: Dark
Mucous: Light

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15
Q

Saliva from acini are secreted through _______ ducts.

A

Striated/Intercalated ducts

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16
Q

Layers of the oesophagus (lumen to externa):
Mucosa:
Submucosa:
Muscularis externa:
Adventitia:

A

Mucosa:
1) Stratified squamous epithelium
2) Lamina propria
3) Muscularis mucosae

Submucosa:
1) Glands
2) Meissner’s plexus
3) Blood vessels

Muscularis Externa:
Inner circular, outer longitudinal
- Upper 1/3: striated
- Middle 1/3: Striated + Smooth
- Lower 1/3: Smooth

Adventitia: Loose connective tissues

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17
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the oesophagus?

A

Stratified squamous

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18
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the stomach?

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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19
Q

Layers of the stomach (lumen to externa):
Mucosa:
Submucosa:
Muscularis externa:
Serosa:

A

Mucosa:
1) Simple columnar epithelium
2) Gastric pit
3) Gastric glands

Submucosa:
1) Connective tissue
2) Adipocytes
3) Mast cells, etc.

Muscularis externa:
Outer: Longitudinal
Middle: Circular
Inner: Oblique

Serosa:
- peritoneum

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19
Q

How is the surface area within the stomach increased physiologically?

A

Rugae present

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20
Q

What is the main difference between adventitia and serosa?

A

Serosa have peritoneum

21
Q

Tubular glands in the stomach open into _________ within the ____________ layer.

A

Tubular glands → gastric pits in Lamina Propria

22
Q

What are the 3 regions of gastric glands?

A

1) Isthmus
2) Neck
3) Base

23
Q

What are 5 cell types found in glands?

A

1) Parietal
2) Peptic (Chief)
3) Surface mucous cells
4) Mucous neck cells
5) Neuroendocrine cells

24
Q

Which part of the gland are Parietal cells found?

A

All:
Isthmus, Neck, Base

25
Q

Which part of the gland are Peptic/Chief cells found?

A

Base

26
Q

Which part of the gland are Surface Mucous cells found?

A

Gastric pit

27
Q

Which part of the gland are Mucous Neck cells found?

A

Neck, Base

28
Q

Which part of the gland are Stem cells found?

A

Neck

29
Q

Which part of the gland are Neuroendocrine cells found?

A

Base

30
Q

Liver lobules are ______-shaped and have:
1) _________ at angles of lobules
2) _________ at center
3) Plates of _________ (____-cell thick)
4) Liver sinusoids (lined by ___________ in a discontinuous lining)
5) Space of ______ (between sinusoids and hepatocytes only seen on EM)

A

Hexagonal-shaped

1) Portal tracks/triads @ angles
2) Central vein @ center
3) Plates of hepatocytes (1-cell thick)
4) Liver Sinusoids (lined by endothelial cells in discontinuous lining)
5) Space of Disse

31
Q

The segment of the GIT between the esophagus is where the lining epithelium transitions from ____________ to ________________ at the ____________ junction.

A

Stratified squamous (esophagus) → Simple columnar (stomach)

@ the gastro-esophageal junction

32
Q

Parietal cells are (more lightly/darkly) stained than peptic cells.

A

Parietal: lightly stained
Peptic: darkly stained

33
Q

Of the neuroendocrine cells of the stomach,
G cells secrete ______
D cells secrete ______

A

G cells: Gastrin
D cells: Somatostatin

34
Q

What are the 4 layers of the gall bladder?

A

1) Simple columnar epithelium (w microvillIi)
2) Submucosa/Lamina propria
3) Muscular layer
4) Adventitia/serosa

35
Q

What are the macrophages in the liver called?

A

Kupffer cells

36
Q

What is the main difference between the mucosae of the stomach, small and large intestines?

A

Stomach:
- Gastric pit + gland in LP

Small intestine:
- Intestinal villi
- Intestinal glands in LP

Large intestine:
- Intestinal gland in LP

37
Q

How are the circular folds of the small intestine formed?

A

By plicae circulares

38
Q

What is the epithelium lining the small intestine?

A

Simple columnar

39
Q

What are 5 cell types of the small intestine?

A

1) Columnar absorptive cells
2) Goblet cells
3) Paneth cells
4) Undifferentiated cells
5) Endocrine cells

40
Q

What are the histological differences between salivary and pancreatic exocrine glands?

A

1) Salivary have serous demilune

2) Exocrine has centroacinar cells

3) Salivary gland has striated interlobar duct

41
Q

The epithelium of the small intestine has __________________ while the that of the large intestine only has ________________.

A

Small intestine → both villi and intestinal glands

Large intestine → Intestinal glands only (no villi)

42
Q

What are 3 factors that increase the effective surface area for absorption in the small intestine?

A

1) Submucosal folds: Plica circulares
2) Villi
3) Microvilli
4) Length of small intestine

43
Q

What is the epithelium of the small intestine?

A

Simple columnar

44
Q

Where are peyer’s patches found?

A

Ileum

45
Q

Where are Brunner’s glands and crypts of Lieberkuhn found?

A

Duodenum

46
Q

Where are Paneth cells found?

A

Throughout the small intestine

47
Q

What are 4 cell types in the small intestine epithelium?

A

1) Columnar absorptive cells
2) Goblet cells
3) Paneth cells
4) Undifferentiated cells
5) Endocrine cells

48
Q

In the large intestine,
Epithelial cells mainly consist of (i)_____________ and (ii)_____________

while the the longitudinal muscle layer consists of ____________.

A

Epithelial cells: Columnar absorptive and goblet

Longitudinal muscle layer: Taenia coli

49
Q

What is the characteristic histological feature of the appendix?

A

Lymphoid follicles

50
Q

What happens to the epithelium at the rectoanal junction?

A

Epithelium: Simple columnar → stratified squamous

51
Q

At the rectoanal junction, the muscularis mucosae becomes ___________ and the lower part of the anal canal is lined by ___________.

A

Muscularis becomes discontinuous

Lower part of anal canal lined by skin

GIT (14 decks)

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