Histology

Question 1

The mesothelium that covers the external surfaces of the digestive organs, lungs, and heart is a:
a.Simple cuboidal epithelium
b.Simple squamous epithelium
c.Transitional epithelium
d.Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 1

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 2

Which type of secretion is NOT characterized by the cell cytoplasm itself contributing to the secretory product?
a.Cytocrine
b.Apocrine
c.Merocrine
d.Holocrine

Answer 2

Merocrine

Question 3

Which of the following glands shares a similar secretory mechanism to sebaceous glands?
a.Mammary gland
b.Uropygial gland
c.Sweat gland
d.All of these

Answer 3

Uropygial gland

Question 4

Based on the nature of the secretory product, what type of gland contains serous demilunes?
a.Mixed
b.Serous
c.Mucous
d.Compound

Answer 4

Mixed

Question 5

Which type of tissue forms the stroma of organs?
a.Epithelial tissue
b.Muscle tissue
c.Connective tissue
d.Nervous tissue

Answer 5

Connective tissue

Question 6

Which type of connective tissue forms the supporting framework all lymphatic organs?
a. Loose connective tissue
b.Reticular connective tissue
c. Dense irregular connective tissue
d.Areolar connective tissue

Answer 6

Reticular connective tissue

Question 7

Where would you find brown adipose tissue in an animal’s body?
a. In the walls of large arteries
b.In the Wharton’s jelly
c. In the developing embryo
d.In hibernating animals

Answer 7

In hibernating animals

Question 8

Where would you expect to observe osteons (Haversian systems) in bone tissue section?
a.Spongy bone tissue
b.Trabecular bone tissue
c.Cortical bone tissue
d.Medullary cavity

Answer 8

Cortical bone tissue

Question 9

What is the function of osteocytes in a bone tissue?
a.Bone resorption
b.Maintenance of bone matrix
c.Bone formation
d.Bone mineralization

Answer 9

Maintenance of bone matrix

Question 10

Hyaline cartilage is present in which of the following structures?
a.Epiglottis
b.Intervertebral discs
c.External auditory canal
d.Tracheal rings

Answer 10

Tracheal rings

Question 11

Which type of muscle tissue contains intercalated discs?
a.Skeletal muscle
b.Cardiac muscle
c.Smooth muscle
d.Visceral muscle

Answer 11

Cardiac muscle

Question 12

What is the function of the Z-disc in skeletal muscle?
a.Attachment site for myosin filaments
b.Storage of calcium ions
c.Anchoring actin filaments
d.Transmission of nerve impulses to muscle cells

Answer 12

Anchoring actin filaments

Question 13

Nissl bodies in neurons are found in the:
a.Cell body (soma)
b.Axon terminals
c.Axon hillock
d.Anywhere in the neuron

Answer 13

Cell body (soma)

Question 14

Which type of glial cells support the formation of the blood-brain barrier?
a.Astrocytes
b.Oligodendrocytes
c.Microglia
d.Schwann cells

Answer 14

Astrocytes

Question 15

Neurons found in the retina of the eye and in the organs of hearing and equilibrium in the inner ear are classified as:
a.Pseudounipolar neurons
b.Unipolar neurons
c.Bipolar neurons
d.Multipolar neurons

Answer 15

Bipolar neurons

Question 16

What is the function of the vasa vasorum in large arteries and veins?
a. Supplying nutrients to the vessel wall
b.Regulating blood pressure
c. Facilitating gas exchange
d.Providing structural support

Answer 16

Supplying nutrients to the vessel wall

Question 17

Which type of capillaries are the most permeable?
a. Continuous capillaries
b.Fenestrated capillaries
c. Sinusoidal capillaries
d.Both a and c

Answer 17

Sinusoidal capillaries

Question 18

Which vessel type has the thickest tunica adventitia?
a. Arterioles
b.Capillaries
c. Large veins
d.Elastic arteries

Answer 18

Large veins

Question 19

What histological structure distinguishes bronchioles from bronchi?
a. Cartilage plates
b. Smooth muscle
c. Ciliated epithelium
d. Loose connective tissue

Answer 19

Cartilage plates

Question 20

What is the main structural unit of gas exchange in the avian lung?
a. Alveolus
b.Parabronchus
c. Air sac
d.Mesobronchus

Answer 20

Paleopulmonic parabronchus

Question 21

Which cells predominantly line the air capillaries in avian lungs?
a. Type I pneumocytes
b.Type II pneumocytes
c. Squamous epithelial cells
d.Ciliated columnar epithelial cells

Answer 21

Type I pneumocytes

Question 22

The following respiratory tract structures are lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells EXCEPT:
a. Trachea
b.Respiratory bronchioles
c. Lobar bronchi
d.Nasopharynx

Answer 22

Respiratory bronchioles

Question 23

What is the function of transitional epithelium in the urinary system?
a. Absorption of water
b.Stretchability and distensibility
c. Prevention of water loss
d.Protection against abrasion

Answer 23

Stretchability and distensibility

Question 24

Which segment of the nephron has a brush border to increase surface area for reabsorption?
a. Proximal convoluted tubule
b.Distal convoluted tubule
c. Loop of Henle
d.Papillary duct

Answer 24

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 25

Which part of the nephron is closely associated with the juxtaglomerular apparatus? a. Collecting duct b.Proximal convoluted tubule c.Distal convoluted tubule d.Loop of Henle

Answer 25

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 26

Which part of the kidney contains the renal corpuscles? a. Renal pelvis b.Renal capsule c.Renal cortex d.Renal medulla

Answer 26

Renal cortex

Question 27

In which species do tubuloalveolar mucous glands in the normal ureter causes frothy urine? a.Horse b.Pig c. Cat d.Buffalo

Answer 27

Horse

Question 28

Which part of the hoof is analogous to the epidermis of the skin? a.Stratum tectorium b.Stratum medium c.Stratum internum d.Stratum lamellatum

Answer 28

Stratum tectorium

Question 29

What is the primary function of myoepithelial cells in the mammary gland? a.Produce milk b.Store fat c.Expel milk d.Provide immune protection

Answer 29

Expel milk

Question 30

Which epidermal layer is characterized by the presence of desmosomes between cells? a.Stratum spinosum b.Stratum basale c.Stratum lucidum d.Stratum corneum

Answer 30

Stratum spinosum

Question 31

Which layer of the cerebellar cortex is most superficial? a.Molecular layer b.Purkinje cell layer c. Granular layer d.White matter

Answer 31

Molecular layer

Question 32

Which meningeal layer is directly attached to the surface of the spinal cord? a. Tela choroidea b.Dura mater c. Arachnoid mater d.Pia mater

Answer 32

Pia mater

Question 33

Peyer’s patches are: a. Dense unencapsulated lymphoid tissues b.Dense encapsulated lymphoid tissues c.Diffuse unencapsulated lymphoid tissues d.Diffuse encapsulated lymphoid tissues

Answer 33

Diffuse unencapsulated lymphoid tissues

Question 34

Which component of the spleen contains lymphoid follicles with germinal centers? a. Red pulp b.White pulp c. Capsule d.Trabeculae

Answer 34

White pulp

Question 35

Which type of cells are most abundant in the germinal centers of lymph nodes? a. Macrophages b.Dendritic cells c.T cells d.B cells

Answer 35

B cells

Question 36

The eosinophilic structures known as Hassal’s corpuscles are found exclusively in the: a. Thymus b.Spleen c. Cloacal bursa d.Lymph node

Answer 36

Thymus

Question 37

How will you morphologically distinguish lymphocytes from a blood smear? a.Large, round nucleus with a thin rim of cytoplasm b.Bilobed nucleus and blue-purple granules c. Large, kidney-shaped nucleus with abundant cytoplasm d.Multilobed nucleus and faint purple granules

Answer 37

Large, round nucleus with a thin rim of cytoplasm

Question 38

Avian heterophils are functionally equivalent to which mammalian white blood cell? a.Eosinophils b.Basophils c.Neutrophils d.Monocytes

Answer 38

Neutrophils

Question 39

The presence of corpora arenacea is a characteristic feature of which gland? a. Pituitary gland b.Thyroid gland c. Pineal gland d.Adrenal gland

Answer 39

Pineal gland

Question 40

Which is the correct order from outer to inner zones of the adrenal gland? a. Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis b.Zona fasciculata, zona glomerulosa, zona reticularis c. Zona reticularis, zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata d.Zona glomerulosa, zona reticularis, zona fasciculata

Answer 40

Zona glomerulosa, zona reticularis, zona fasciculata

Question 41

Histologically, pars distalis of the adenohypophysis is characterized by: a.Clusters of chief cells and oxyphil cells b.Acinar structures and Islets of Langerhans c. Follicles filled with colloid d.Cell populations of acidophils and basophils

Answer 41

Cell populations of acidophils and basophils

Question 42

Which reproductive structure contains the tunica albuginea? a. Penis b.Ovaries c. Testes d.All of these

Answer 42

All of these

Question 43

Which type of epithelium lines the epididymis? a. Stratified cuboidal b.Pseudostratified columnar c. Transitional d.Simple squamous

Answer 43

Pseudostratified columnar

Question 44

Peg cells are primarily found in which part of the reproductive tract? a. Oviducts b.Uterus c. Vagina d.Ovaries

Answer 44

Oviducts

Question 45

Which of the following are present in both the large and small intestines? a. Plicae circulares b.Crypts of Lieberkhun c. Intestinal villi d.Taenia coli

Answer 45

Crypts of Lieberkhun

Question 46

Which zone of the liver lobule is most susceptible to ischemic injury? a. Periportal (Zone 1) b.Midzonal (Zone 2) c. Centrilobular (Zone 3) d.Pericentral (Zone 4)

Answer 46

Centrilobular (Zone 3)

Question 47

The most numerous lingual papillae are the: a. Filiform papillae b.Fungiform papillae c. Circumvallate papillae d.Foliate papillae

Answer 47

Filiform papillae

Question 48

Which of the following digestive structures is NOT lined by stratified squamous epithelium? a. Omasum b.Rumen c. Crop d.Proventriculus

Answer 48

Proventriculus

Question 49

Brünner’s glands are predominantly found in which intestinal segment? a.Ileal submucosa b.Jejunal mucosa c.Duodenal submucosa d.Colonic mucosa

Answer 49

Duodenal submucosa

Question 50

Which cells are responsible for the production of enamel? a.Ameloblasts b.Odontoblasts c.Cementoblasts d.Fibroblasts

Answer 50

Ameloblasts