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GI > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What lines the oral cavity, oropharynx and laryngopharynx?

A

Squamous epithelium

Generally non-keratinised

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2
Q

What lines the nasal cavity and nasopharynx?

A

Respiratory epithelium

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3
Q

What is the histology of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium
Thin on ventral surface
Thick and with papillae on the dorsal surface

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4
Q

What is the histology of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Smooth stratified squamous epithelium
Lacks papillae (except for circumvallate)
Substantial lymphoid aggregates in the submucosa

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5
Q

What are the four types of papillae which line the tongue?

A

Fungiform
Circumvallate
Foliate
Filiform (no tastebuds)

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6
Q

What are the four major layers of the digestive tract (lumen outwards)?

A

Mucosa (Epithelium, Lamina propria, muscularis mucosae)
Submucosa
Muscularis externa (inner circular, outer longitudinal)
Serosa or Adventitia

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7
Q

What occurs at the gastro-oesophageal junction?

A

Abrupt transition from stratified squamous epithelium of oesophagus to columnar epithelium of stomach

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8
Q

What is the surface view of the stomach?

A

Relatively flat with holes (gastric pits)

Gastric glands at the bottom of the pits

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9
Q

What lines the gastric pits of the stomach?

A

Surface mucous cells

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10
Q

How are the cells in the gastric gland distributed?

A 
Isthmus = Mostly parietal cells 
Neck = Mostly neck mucous cells and stem cells 
Base = Mostly chief cells, with a few parietal cells and neuroendocrine cells
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11
Q

What is the role of the chief cells of the gastric glands?

A

Digestive enzyme secretion

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12
Q

What is the role of the parietal cells of the gastric glands?

A

Hydrochloric acid production

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13
Q

What is the mucosa of the cardia of the stomach like?

A

Deep gastric pits that branch into loosely packed, tortuous glands

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14
Q

What is the mucosa of the body of the stomach like?

A

Shallow gastric pits with long straight gastric glands

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15
Q

What is the mucosa of the pylorus of the stomach like?

A

Deep gastric pits with branched, coiled gastric glands at a higher density than in the cardia

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16
Q

What is unusual about the muscular external of the stomach?

A

It contains an additional layer oblique to the circular and longitudinal muscle layers
Located internal to the circular layer
Aids the churning action of the stomach

17
Q

What occurs at the gastro-duodenal junction?

A

Abrupt transition from stomach mucosa to duodenal mucosa

Inner circular layer of smooth muscle thickens to form the pyloric sphincter

18
Q

What is the surface view of the small intestine?

A

Villi, with pits in between (Crypts of Lieberkhun)

19
Q

What is the histology of the duodenum?

A

Contains Brunner’s glands in the submucosa

These produce alkaline mucous to neutralise chyme from the stomach

20
Q

What is the histology of the jejunum?

A

Tallest villi, locate don circular folds of mucosa and submucosa (plicae circularis)

21
Q

What is the histology of the ileum?

A

Aggregations of lymphoid follicles called Peyer’s patches found in submucosa, often extending into the lamina propria

22
Q

What are the cells of the small intestine epithelium?

A 
Enterocytes 
Goblet cells 
Paneth cells 
Neuroendocrine cells 
Stem cells
23
Q

What are enterocytes?

A

Most numerous cells in SI epithelium
Tall columnar cells with brush border
Principle absorptive cells

24
Q

What are goblet cells?

A

Produce mucin to protect epithelium and lubricate passage of material

25
Q

What are Paneth cells?

A

Found at the base of the Crypts of Lieberkuhn
Defensive function
Regulate bacterial flora by secreting lysozyme and definsins

26
Q

What are neuroendocrine cells?

A

Produce hormones that contribute to control of secretion and motility (e.g. gastrin, CCK, VIP)

27
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Found at the base of the Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Divide to replenish epithelium

28
Q

What are the two principal cells of the large intestinal epithelium, and what are their functions?

A 
Absorptive cells = Removal of salts and thereby water 
Goblet cells = Secretion of mucus to lubricate the colon
29
Q

How are the cells of the large intestinal epithelium arranged?

A

Straight, tubular glands (crypts) which extend down into the muscular mucosae

30
Q

What is distinctive about the longitudinal muscle layer in the large intestine?

A

Not continous

Made of 3 muscular strips (teniae coli)

31
Q

What the histology of the appendix?

A

Similar to the colon
Less abundant crypts
Circular arrangement of lymphoid tissue in the submucosa and lamina propria
Lymphiod tissue declines with age

32
Q

What occurs at the recto-anal junction?

A

Change from rectal mucosa to stratified squamous epithelium of the anal canal

33
Q

Where ar most of the neurones of the myenteric plexus found?

A

Between the two muscle layers of the muscularis externa

34
Q

What is the submucosal plexus?

A

Controls muscle of the muscularis mucosae ad helps regulate secretion in the epithelium

35
Q

Where is the sub mucous plexus found?

A

Submucosa

36
Q

What is the myenteric plexus?

A

Interconnected network of fibres that control gut motility

GI (24 decks)

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