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A&P Test 2 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

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2
Q

Tight junction

A

Use interlocking membrane proteins

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3
Q

Gap junction

A

Use interlocking membrane proteins

Proteins are also channels

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4
Q

Desmosome

A

Use interlocking membrane proteins

Proteins are connected to the cells’ cytoskeleton (even if cell dies, strong connection)

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers body, lines spaces inside body, forms glands.

General characteristics:

  1. Exposed (one side)
  2. Cells tightly packed together
  3. Cells exhibit polarity
  4. Attached to a basement membrane
  5. Cells form sheets/layers
  6. Highly mitotic
  7. Avascular
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6
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

RARE
protects
Lines the duct of some glands

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7
Q

Stratified columnar epithelial

A

Lines duct of some cells
Rare
Protection

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8
Q

Types of exocrine glands based on TYPE of secretion

A

Serious
Mucous
Mixed

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9
Q

Serous

A

Watery secretion

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10
Q

Mucous

A

Viscous secretion

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11
Q

Mixed

A

Combo of watery and viscous secretion

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12
Q

Connective tissue

A

Not exposed
Cells spaced apart
Space between cells filled w matrix

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13
Q

Ground substance of matrix

A
  1. H2O -> liquid
  2. Hyaluronic acid -> slimey
  3. Chondroitin surface -> rubbery
  4. Mineral salts (Ca+2) -> hard solid
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14
Q

Protein fibers found in matrix

A

Collagen- strong and flexible
Elastic- stretch and recoil
Reticular- framework for support

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15
Q

-blast

A

Immature cell that is making part of the matrix

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16
Q

-cyte

A

Mature cell that is maintaining matrix

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17
Q

C.T vascular or non vascular?

A

Highly vascular, except cartilage

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18
Q

Embryonic/ fetal C.T

A
  1. Mesenchyme=stem cells= undifferentiated cells

2. Wartons jelly- in umbilical cord

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19
Q

Adult C.T

A
  1. Connective tissue proper
  2. Cartilage
  3. Osseous= bone
  4. Blood
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20
Q

Areolar C.T

A

Location: under all epithelial layers around organs
Functions: protection, reduce friction

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21
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Makes protein fibers

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22
Q

Macrophages

A

Phagocyte- eats bones

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23
Q

Adipose C.T

A

Cells: adipocite- stone triglycerides
Protein fibers- reticular- woven together
Locations: around heart, kidneys, spinal cord, behind eyeballs
Functions: protection, insulation.

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24
Q

Subcutaneous bilayer

A

Under skin

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25
Inside bones
Yellow bone marrow
26
Reticular C.T
Locations: basement membrane, liver, spleen Functions: provides support and framework
27
Dense connective tissue proper
Fibers> cells | Fibers packed together
28
Dense regular C.T
Cells: fibroblasts Protein fibers: high in collagen- runs parallel- only strong in the direction fibers are running Location; ligaments+ tendons Function: high strength in one direction
29
Dense irregular C.T
Protein fibers run in all directions Locations: dermis, dura mater, heart valves Functions: high tensile, strength in all directions
30
Elastic C.T
Cells: fibroblasts High in elastic protein fibers Location: lungs, blood vessels, bladder function: stretch and recoil
31
Peridondrium
Layers of dense irregular C.T
32
Hyaline cartilage
High collagen fibers Ends of long bones, nose Functions: bone development and growth, support, reduce friction
33
Fibro cartilage
Collagen fibers visible Locations: intervertebral discs, pubis Functions: act as a shock absorber, flexibility
34
Elastic cartilage
Locations: epiglottis, ear Functions: maintain structure while allowing some flexibility
35
Membrane
Basic organ | Epithelial+connective=areolar CT
36
Serous membrane
Layers: a. Lines inside of central body cavity= parietal | B. Covers organs in central body cavity=visceral
37
Mucous membrane
Lines spaces that open exterior Functions: protection, prevents drying, Reduces friction
38
Synovial membrane
Lines synovial joint cavities(shoulder, hip, wrist) SSET Function: reduces friction
39
Cutaneous membrane
Covers outside of body Stratified squamous epithelial tissue Protection
40
Melanocytes
8% makes a protein- melanin | Protects against UV radiation
41
Langerhans cells
Motile | Phagocytes
42
Merkel cells
Involved w touch sensation, sir right above nerve ending in dermis
43
Stratum basale
1st layer of cells that touch the basement membrane | Cells; Merkle, melanocytes, keratinocytes
44
Stratum spinosum
Next 8-10 layers of cells | Cells: Keratinocytes- Making keratin, forming desmosomes, changing shape
45
Stratum granulseum
Next 3-5 layers of cells | Cells: keratinocytes that are dying
46
Stratum lucidum
Only in thick skin | Next 3-5 layers of dead keratinocytes
47
Stratum corneum
Top 10+ layers of dead keratinocytes (dust)
48
Dermis
Papillary- top 1/5 of dermis Areolar CT COntains dermal papilla
49
Reticular region
Bottom 4/5 of dermis | Dense irregular CT
50
Hemoglobin
Found in RBCS Red high in O2 Maroon high in CO2
51
Carotene
Precursor to vitamin A, stored in dermis
52
Arectialr pilli muscle
Goosebumps | Associates w each follicle
53
Sabaceous glands
Associated w hair follicles | Secrets sebum
54
Sebum
Prevents drying of hair+ epidermis | Amir bacterial
55
Ceruminous
In ear canal | Secrete cerumen
56
Cerumen
Prevents drying | Traps dirt
57
Sudoiferous gland
Secrets sweat 1. Merocrine 2. Apocrine
58
Merocrine
All over body, active from birth
59
Apocrine
In arm pit and pubic areas | Becomes active at puberty
60
Mammary
Modified sweat glands
61
Skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Melanoma
62
Inflammatory
Bleeding Immune system function Scab forms
63
Migratory
Keratinocyte and fibroblasts migrate under skin
64
Proliferatory
Keratinocytes plus fibroblasts | High in number due to mitosis
65
Maturation
Scab falls off due , revealing a new dermis and epidermis

A&P Test 2 (1 decks)

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