Histology

Question 1

Histology

Answer 1

study of healthy tissue

Question 2

Pathology

Answer 2

study of unhealthy tissue

Question 3

What are major components of a tissue?

Answer 3

cells, fibres, and matrix

Question 4

What are the four different types of tissues?

Answer 4

epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue

Question 5

Epithelial tissue

Answer 5

tissue that covers and lines organ and organisms; found on the surface

Question 6

Connective tissue

Answer 6

tissue that connects and supports; not found on the surface

Question 7

Muscle tissue

Answer 7

tissue that contracts and produces movement

Question 8

Nervous tissue

Answer 8

tissue that responds to stimuli and conducts impulses for communication of information

Question 9

Three ways to classify epithelia cells

Answer 9

number of cell layers, shape of cells, and function of cells

Question 10

Two categories based on number of cell layers

Answer 10

simple epithelia + stratified epithelia

Question 11

Simple epithelia

Answer 11

comprised of a single layer of cells

Question 12

Stratified epithelia

Answer 12

comprised of two or more layers of cells

Question 13

Three categories based on shape of cells

Answer 13

squamous epithelia + cuboidal epithelia + columnar epithelia

Question 14

Squamous epithelia

Answer 14

flat shape

Question 15

Cuboidal epithelia

Answer 15

cubed shape

Question 16

Columnar epithelia

Answer 16

elongated shape

Question 17

Two categories based on function of cells

Answer 17

transitional epithelia + germinal epithelia

Question 18

Transitional epithelia

Answer 18

specialized to deal with stretch and serves as a barrier for toxicity

Question 19

Germinal epithelia

Answer 19

lines the reproductive organs and specialized to produce gametes

Question 20

Three types of fibres found in connective tissue

Answer 20

collagen + reticular fibres + elastin

Question 21

Five types of cells found in connective tissue

Answer 21

fibroblasts + macrophages + mast cells + adipose cells + blood cells

Question 22

Fibroblasts

Answer 22

synthesize fibres and matrix

Question 23

Macrophages

Answer 23

ingest bacteria and dead cells

Question 24

Mast cells

Answer 24

secrete heparin and histamine

Question 25

Adipose cells

Answer 25

store fat and act as packing material

Question 26

Three categories of connective tissue

Answer 26

loose, dense, and specialized

Question 27

Loose

Answer 27

more ground substance, less fibres

Question 28

Dense

Answer 28

less ground substance, more fibres

Question 29

Specialized

Answer 29

provide structure, strength and support tissue

Question 30

Three types of loose connective tissue

Answer 30

areolar, adipose, and reticular

Question 31

Two types of dense connective tissue

Answer 31

irregular and regular

Question 32

Three types of specialized connective tissue

Answer 32

cartilage, bone, and blood

Question 33

Three categories of fibres in cartilage

Answer 33

hyaline, elastic, and fibrous

Question 34

Areolar Fibres

Answer 34

- fibres are so far apart that they have room for the matrix in between - strong enough to bind tissue, and soft enough to provide flexibility and cushioning - cells obtain nutrients and expel waste here - holds organs in place and attaches epithelial tissues to other underlying tissues - found in gastrointestinal tract and blood vessels

Question 35

Reticular Fibres

Answer 35

- main structural part of tissues - forms a soft framework, and acts as a scaffold for cells - found in lymphatic tissue and bone marrow

Question 36

Adipose Fibres

Answer 36

- consists of adipocytes - stores energy in the form of fat - cushions and insulates the body - found in subcutaneous tissue, mesentery, and bone marrow

Question 37

Irregular Dense Connective tissue

Answer 37

- loose arrangement of fibres - moderately viscous fluid matrix - impact resistant, provides mechanical support - found in joint capsules, muscles, and dermis of the skin

Question 38

Regular Dense Connective Tissue

Answer 38

- fibres form main element and are composed of collagen - rows of fibroblasts that generate fibres - found in tendons and ligaments

Question 39

Function of the Integument

Answer 39

- protects the body from mechanical injury & loss of fluid - excretes waste and acts as a barrier against toxins

Question 40

Structure of Integument

Answer 40

- epidermis and dermis

Question 41

Intrinsic Aging Factors

Answer 41

genetics, hormones

Question 42

Extrinsic Aging Factors

Answer 42

UV rays, diet, pollution, stress

Question 43

How is tissue processed?

Answer 43

Fixation -> Paraffin Processing and Embedding -> Tissue sectioning -> Tissue staining -> Image analysis -> data & stats analysis

Question 44

What were the tissue samples observed in the histology lab?

Answer 44

Mouse's lungs, intestine, liver and appendix

Question 45

What were the two stains used to stain the tissue? What colour did they turn?

Answer 45

Hematoxylin which stained DNA blue, and eosin which stained the rest of the cell components pink.

Question 46

What is xylene used for?

Answer 46

To remove the paraffin/dissolve the wax from the slide

Question 47

What is fixation?

Answer 47

Process in which cell structure is preserved

Question 48

What is paraffin processing and embedding used for?

Answer 48

method used to study sections of tissues

Question 49

What portions of the paraffin method did we perform in the histology lab?

Answer 49

embedding in paraffin, cleaning & staining, and preparation of permanent mounts

Question 50

What reagent is used for the dehydration process of the paraffin method?

Answer 50

isopropyl alcohol (IPA)

Question 51

What mounting medium was used in the histology lab?

Answer 51

Permount

Question 52

What tissues will be used in the histology lab?

Answer 52

mouse skin, rat skin

Question 53

What cutting apparatus is used for tissue sectioning in the paraffin method?

Answer 53

Microtome