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ISOM > Histology Connective Tissues > Flashcards

Histology Connective Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Connective Tissues Functions

A

Physical support, packing material, transports nutrients and oxygen

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2
Q

Supportive connective tissues (also hard CT)

A

Cartilage and Bone

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3
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Filler between cells. Areolar, adipose, hematopoietic (blood forming), and reticular (lymph nodes)

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4
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Dense irregular like skin (collagen bundles in multiple directions, strong compressive and shear strength), and dense regular like tendon and ligament (fibers in same direction, strong tensile strength)

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5
Q

All connective tissues have 3 components

A

Cells, and Extracellular matrix of fibers and ground substance

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6
Q

Collagen formation

A

Made in fibroblasts, osteoblasts and chondroblasts. Vitamin C adds OH that combine and create pro collagen (3 strands). pro collagen peptidase cuts off ends and creates tropocollagen. Tropocollagen combine to make collagen fibers.

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7
Q

Components of Elastic fibers

A

Elastin core with fibrillin on outside

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8
Q

Ground substance

A

Proteoglycans like glysoaminoglycans, with base made of Hyaluronic acid. Linker proteins connect to core proteins with chondroitin and keratin sulfate chains (lots of OH groups attract water). Fills in space to allow cells to migrate through.

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9
Q

Connective Tissue Proper

A

Loose and dense CT

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10
Q

Principal cell type in dense CT

A

Fibroblast (dividing cell) and fibrocyte (no longer dividing)

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11
Q

Hematopoietic cells

A

dendritic reticular cells, lymphocytes, mast cells.

Erythrocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils)

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12
Q

Most common fibers in CT

A

Collagen and elastin

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13
Q

Mesenchymal cells

A

can differentiate into fibroblasts, adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondroblasts

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14
Q

Adipocyte Brown fat

A

multilocular, generates heat

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15
Q

Adipocyte White fat

A

unilocular, storage of triglycerides (energy), provides protection, packing

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16
Q

Chondroblasts

A

Outer edge of cartilage, make cartilaginous matrix

17
Q

Chondrocytes

A

in middle - maintain existing matrix

18
Q

Perichondrium

A

Outer surface of cartilage has chondroblasts and fibrous tissues

19
Q

Vasculature of cartilage matrix

A

Avascular, gets nutrients by diffusion

20
Q

How does cartilage change with age?

A

With age, cartilage dies and can be replaced by bone

21
Q

Growth of cartilage

A

Interstitial (within existing matrix) and appositional (on outer surface on the top of the matrix)

22
Q

Growth of bone

A

Only appositional (on outer surface)

23
Q

Ground substance of cartilage

A

Aggrecan - similar hyaluronic acid core with sulfated glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin and keratin sulfate)

24
Q

Types of Cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage, most common, articular cartilage is a form of hyaline.
Fibrocartilage (thick bundles strong).
Elastic cartilage (Ex. Ear)

25
Q

Cells of Bone

A

Osteoblasts (make new bone), Osteocytes (maintain structure), Osteoclasts (remove bone)

26
Q

Most abundant fiber in bone

A

Collagen

27
Q

Bone Ground substance

A

Glycoaminoglycan with hyaluronic acid and side chains, also has hydroxyapatite which is calcium and phosphate (crystalline shape that makes bone hard)

28
Q

Roles of collagen and hydroxyapetite

A

Collagen makes bone strong, while hydroxyapatite makes it hard

29
Q

Compact bone layout

A

Haversian arteries travel through small hole called Haversian canals. Layers around this are called Lamella. Inside that are osteocytes. Osteon is unit of all of this.

30
Q

Cancellous (spongy) bone layout

A

Lining inside of bone is a layer of osteoblasts called the endosteum. Inside is bone marrow, which can have hematopoietic or fat cells and lots of blood vessels. bone shelves form latticework for strength. Found in vertebra or plates of skulls

31
Q

Periosteum

A

Around bones that has fibrous layer and osteoblasts

32
Q

How is bone made?

A

Osteoblast connects to osteocyte, lays down osteoid as organic matrix. That gets calcified and becomes bone. It keeps making osteoid until it is covered (can no longer divide) and turns into osteocyte

33
Q

Can mine bone for what two things?

A

Calcium and phosphate

ISOM (7 decks)

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