Histology: Female

Question 1

Name of the outer mesothelial layer around the ovary.

Answer 1

Tunica Albuginea

Question 2

Name the 4 types of follicles and how to distinguish each.

Answer 2

1. Primordial: simple squamous layer surrounds oocyte
2. Primary Unilaminar: simple cuboidal surrounds oocyte
3. Primary Multi-laminar: stratified cuboidal surrounds oocyte
4. Graafian: antrum visible with fecal cells surrounding the antrum

Question 3

Name the 2 cell types that make uip the corpus luteum and what each secretes.

Answer 3

1. Granulosa Cells: estrogen and progesterone

2. Theca Interna Cells: estrogen

Question 4

What hormones maintain the corpus luteum in pregnancy?

Answer 4

Estrogen
Growth Factors
hCG
LH
PRL

(Corpus luteum secretes progesterone to prevent more follicular recruitment and prevent uterine contraction)

Question 5

What cell type makes up the epithelium of the uterine tube?

Answer 5

Simple Columnar

1. Ciliated: mostly near the infundibulum and ampulla
2. Secretory: mostly near the uterus

Question 6

What dictates which cell type predominates in the uterine tubes?

Answer 6

Stage of the menstrual cycle

• more estrogen means more ciliated cells, this occurs early in the cycle to direct the oocyte
• more progesterone means more secretory cells closer to the time of implantation

Question 7

Which layer of the uterus do fibroids form?

Answer 7

Myometrium

Question 8

Name the two layers of the endometrium.

Answer 8

1. Stratum Basale: layer that contains blood vessels and support cells for the stratum functionale
2. Stratum Functionale: innermost layer, affected most by the menstrual cycle

Question 9

Name the branches of the uterine artery and the uterine layers.

Answer 9

1. Uterine Artery (enters uterus all the way to the myometrium)
2. Arcuate Artery
3. Radial artery (enters the endometrium stratum basale)
4. Straight Artery
5. Spiral Artery (sends branches into the stratum functionale as it grows)

Question 10

How do the uterine glands in the stratum functionale appear in the proliferative phase?

Answer 10

Straight

Question 11

How do the uterine glands in the stratum functionale appear in the in the secretory phase?

Answer 11

Curved (corkscrew): due to the hyperplasia of the cells

Question 12

How does the endometrium appear in the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle?

Answer 12

Glands become less pronounced and less active. The division between the two layers is very evident.

Question 13

Name and describe the two regions of the cervix.

Answer 13

Endocervix: contains cells and layers similar to the uterus: simple columnar epithelium

Ectocervix: contains cells similar to the vagina: non-keratinized stratified squamous

Question 14

What are Nabothian Cysts?

Answer 14

Overgrown invaginations (glands) that appear in the cervix as a woman ages.

Question 15

Where do the lymphatics to the upper 2/3 of the vagina drain?

Answer 15

Internal and External Iliac nodes

Question 16

Where do the lymphatics to the lower 1/3 of the vagina drain?

Answer 16

Superficial Inguinal Nodes

Question 17

Name the four cell layers of the vagina.

Answer 17

1. Mucosa Layer
2. Lamina Propria
3. Fibromuscular
4. Adventitia

Question 18

How is the vagina lubricated?

keep your smart ass comments to yourself

Answer 18

Upper vagina: from cervical mucous glands

Lower vagina: from vestibular glands located in the superficial perineal space