Histology Female Reproductive System

Question 1

what is proeostrus?

Answer 1

Period where corpus luteum regresses and progesterone declines. Oestrogen predominates and behaviour changes

Question 2

oestrus

Answer 2

period of sexual receptivity and ovulation occurs during it or slightly after

Question 3

metoestrus

Answer 3

post ovulatory phase where the corpus luteum develops and progesterone increases

Question 4

dioestrus

Answer 4

progesterone level is highest, phase of corpus luteum

Question 5

FSH

Answer 5

stimulates recruitment and growth of follicles

Question 6

LH

Answer 6

final maturation of follicle and induces ovulation

Question 7

Oestrogen

Answer 7

induces oestrus and sperm and egg transport and fertilisation
changes in reproductive tract including increased blood flow, growth of epithelial tissue, relaxation of cervix, increased myometrial tone

Question 8

Progesterone

Answer 8

prevents ovulation and maintains pregnancy

Question 9

Ovaries consist of

Answer 9

cortex and medulla
EXCEPT MARE

Question 10

Cortex is covered by a dense layer of

Answer 10

connective tissue called tunica albuginea ovarii
under the epithelium, dense white and fibrous

Question 11

Cortex consists of

Answer 11

numerous follicles in different stages of development and degeneration, corpora lutea, interstitial cells, stromal connective tissue

Question 12

stromal cells

Answer 12

resemble smooth muscle cells and are arranged in whorls
highly reactive and capable of phagocytosis and lipid storage
formation of follicle wall

Question 13

Medulla consists of

Answer 13

loose fibro-elastic tissue, contains convoluted ovarian arteries and veins
smooth muscle cells cells also present conveyed by mesovarium
vestigial rete ovarii may also be found in medulla

Question 14

What is the epithelium covering the cortex in young animals?

Answer 14

cuboidal to columnar

Question 15

What is the epithelium covering the cortex in older animals?

Answer 15

Squamous and interrupted at the site of a previous ovulation
It is continuous with the mesothelium of the mesovarium

Question 16

Mare ovary shape?

Answer 16

bean shaped

Question 17

Is the mare ovary divided into cortex and medulla?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

ovulation fossa in the mare

Answer 18

located at free border and covered by columnar epithelium

Question 19

rest of the mare ovary is covered by

Answer 19

squamous epithelium

Question 20

Zona vasculosa equivalent in mare?

Answer 20

thick layer under epithelium, free from follicles and consists of convoluted blood vessels, rete ovarii and muscle fibres

Question 21

Cortex equivalent in mare?

Answer 21

heavy tract of connective tissue with blood vessels continued into interior where follicles are distributed

Question 22

What is the target organ of LH and FSH?

Answer 22

ovarian cortex

Question 23

Oogonia or primordial cells on reaching the developing ovary undergo

Answer 23

a period of repeated mitotic division, which in all mammals ceases before or soon after birth

Question 24

when oogonia enter prophase of the first two meiotic divisions

Answer 24

they become primary oocytes
all of them are formed before puberty

Question 25

Primary oocyte becomes surrounded by single layer of

Answer 25

epithelial cells and forms a primordial follicle

Question 26

In ruminants, primordial follicles

Answer 26

are evenly distributed throughout cortex of ovary

Question 27

In dog and cat, primordial follicles

Answer 27

may contain a no. of oocytes and are known as polyovular follicles

Question 28

Poly ovular follicles

Answer 28

form when epithelial cells that form the wall of the follicle fail to isolate the members of a germ group into uniovular follicles. Studies suggest they undergo degeneration

Question 29

The primary oocyte does not complete the prophase of the first meiotic division

Answer 29

but enters prolonged or dictyate state until stimulated to undergo further devlopment or degeneration

Question 30

primary follicles

Answer 30

primordial follicles undergo further development

Question 31

Granulosa layer

Answer 31

proliferation of surrounding epithelial cells called granulosa cells forms stratified layer around oocyte

Question 32

Zona pellucida

Answer 32

non-cellular, glycoprotein positive layer that forms between vitelline membrane of oocyte and granulosa layer considered to develop from the follicular cells and/or the oocyte

Question 33

Secondary follicle

Answer 33

towards the end of development of the primary follicle, stromal cells begin to be organised around the multi-laminar primary follicle, and is now termed a secondary follicle, forming an inner theca interna and outer theca externa

Question 34

Outer theca externa

Answer 34

fibrous connective tissue concentrically arranged fibres and fusiform cells that do not appear to have a secretory function

Question 35

inner theca interna

Answer 35

richly vascularised tissue large spindel-shaped cells, oval nuclei, lipid droplets enmeshed in a network of reticular fibres cytological characteristics, secrete androgens under influence of LH

Question 36

Androgens are aromatised to

Answer 36

oestradiol by granulosa cells

Question 37

Long projections of the follicular cells

Answer 37

penetrate right through the zona pellucida and make contact with vitelline membrane of oocyte

Question 38

Cytoplasmic projections of oocyte

Answer 38

also project to follicular cells, but are much shorter like stumpy microvilli only penetrating a little way into the zona pellucida