histology formative questions

Question 1

what is chromatin?

Answer 1

nuclear DNA plus proteins

Question 2

The PAS procedure can be used to stain goblet cells and the brush border. What other structure will be stained by PAS?

Answer 2

Basement membrane

Question 3

Which statement concerning the tight junctions in the epidermal lining of the gut is NOT one of their functions? To allow the passage of water and glucose between the cells To generate a concentration gradient across the epithelium To hold cells together To permit the passage of signal molecules from cell to cell To prevent the passage of large molecules between the cells

Answer 3

To permit the passage of signal molecules from cell to cell

Question 4

what cell type is responsible for producing the connective tissue in the aorta?

Answer 4

fibroblasts

Question 5

where is brown fat most likely to be fund in adults?

Answer 5

between the shoulder blades

Question 6

where is the nucleus in smooth muscle

Answer 6

centrally

Question 7

what is epimysium?

Answer 7

connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fasciculi to create muscles

Question 8

in cardiac muscle contraction is regulated by the cytosolic concentration of which metal?

Answer 8

Calcium

Question 9

Which substance is the predominant component of myelin in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 9

Sphingomyelin

Question 10

Release of the contents of the small spherical structures (centre of the image) is mediated by which voltage-gated channel?

Answer 10

calcium

Question 11

what is the most likely explanation for reticulocytes in the blood?

Answer 11

bleeding

Question 12

which cell type becomes more common in the blood in parasitic infections

Answer 12

eosinophils

Question 13

which cell type may be found within the alveolar air spaces of the lung

Answer 13

monocytes

Question 14

what are platelets

Answer 14

fragments of cells that are found in the bone marrow

Question 15

what is the adventitia in arterioles made of?

Answer 15

collagen and elastic tissue

Question 17

Which cells lies with and are unable to migrate through the matrix of a cartilage?

Answer 17

chondrocytes

Question 18

what cartilage is the epiglottis made of?

Answer 18

hyaline

Question 19

what cell type forms the lining of the mitral valve?

Answer 19

vascular endothelial cells

Question 22

what is present within the walls of bronchi but not in the walls of bronchioles?

Answer 22

cartilage

Question 23

where are clara cells found?

Answer 23

bronchioles

Question 24

what do clara cells produce?

Answer 24

surfactant

Question 25

where are taste buds on the tongue?

Answer 25

**embedded into the lateral sides of the papillae**

Question 26

what do parietal (oxyntic) cells secrete?

Answer 26

HCl and intrinsic factor

Question 27

what do chief cells produce

Answer 27

pepsinogen

Question 28

what epithelium is the anus?

Answer 28

non-keritinised stratified squamous

Question 29

what is the gall bladder epithelium adapted for?

Answer 29

water absorption

Question 30

what does the exocrine pancreas secrete?

Answer 30

bicarbonate ions

Question 31

what do ito cells do?

Answer 31

store fat

Question 32

what is the glomerulus

Answer 32

**a filter whose pores are guarded only by the filtration membrane**

Question 33

46-year-old man has type 1 diabetes mellitus which has resulted in renal damage, what will happen to his glomerular basement membrane?

Answer 33

become thickened

Question 34

which part of the kidney is particularly responsive to aldosterone?

Answer 34

collecting ducts

Question 35

which glands drain into the penile urethra?

Answer 35

## Footnote **Cowpers glands**

Question 36

what function do sertoli cells have?

Answer 36

phagocytotic, blood-testis-barrier

Question 37

what does the prostate secrete?

Answer 37

## Footnote **It produces a secretion containing acid phosphatse** (PSA and PAP)

Question 38

what are primordial germ cells in the ovary surounded by?

Answer 38

fribro-blast like stromal cells

Question 39

what do you **not** expect to find in the secretory phase endometrium?

Answer 39

mitotic figures

Question 40

what kind of muscle is the myometrium of the uterus?

Answer 40

smooth

Question 41

where does the anterior pituitary receive its blood supply from?

Answer 41

portal circulation

Question 42

where does the thryoid tissue originate from in embryonic life?

Answer 42

floor of the mouth

Question 43

what do c-cells produce?

Answer 43

calcitonin

Question 44

what % of alpha, beta and delta cells are there in the islets of langerhans in the pancreas?

Answer 44

* 70% = beta cells secreting insulin, * * 20% = alpha cells secreting glucagon, * * 8% = delta cells secreting somatostatin * * 2% = cells secreting pancreatic polypeptide.*

Question 45

where do the secretions of the islets go into?

Answer 45

hepatic portal circulation

Question 46

what does the adrenal cortex use to synthesis the hormones?

Answer 46

cholesterol

Question 47

![]()what is this?

Answer 47

keritinised squamous epithelium of the sole

Question 48

what do melanocytes do?

Answer 48

**transfer melanin to keratinocytes**

Question 49

![]()what is this?

Answer 49

**eccrine sweat gland**

Question 50

**what are Apocrine sweat glands responsuble for?**

Answer 50

**the production of ear wax**

Question 51

**Free nerve endings detect what?**

Answer 51

**pain and temperature**

Question 52

what type of muscle fibre is type 1?

Answer 52

slow twitch

Question 53

where are slow twitch muscles found?

Answer 53

postural muscles

Question 54

what do type 1 muscles contain lots of?

Answer 54

mitochondria and fat droplets (fatigue resistant)

Question 55

what are type 2A fibres?

Answer 55

fast twitch

Question 56

![]()which ones are slow twitch muscle?

Answer 56

dark staining ones

Question 57

which type of collagen is this? ![]()

Answer 57

1

Question 58

![]()what cell type is present here?

Answer 58

**Fibroblast**

Question 59

hyaline cartialge is found where in a child?

Answer 59

**epiphyseal growth plate**

Question 60

![]()what are the pale staining cells?

Answer 60

**osteoprogenitor cells**