Histology - Nerve

Question 1

The nervous system arises from the embryonic ______

Answer 1

Ectoderm

Question 2

In development, the CNS develops from the _____ ______

Answer 2

Neural tube

Question 3

In development, the PNS arises from the ______ _______ ______

Answer 3

Neural crest cells

Question 4

Meningiomas originate from the

Answer 4

Dura

Question 5

On slides, spinal cord white matter appears ______ relative to ______ ______

Answer 5

Dark, grey matter

Question 6

In the spinal cord, WHITE/GREY matter is located in the center line

Answer 6

Grey

Question 7

In the brain, WHITE/GREY MATTER is located on the exterior surface of the brain

Answer 7

GREY

Question 8

Astrocytomas can be recognized because they have increased ______ relative to normal white matter

Answer 8

Cellularity

Question 9

In the brain, white matter is ______ cells while grey matter is ______ cells

Answer 9

Glial, nerve

Question 10

Unipolar neurons can only be found in the CNS at the

Answer 10

Mesencephalic nucleus of the trigéminas nerve

Question 11

Markers of normal neurons

Answer 11

Prominent nucleoli, Nissl substance (RER)

Question 12

An upper motor neuron is also called a

Answer 12

Betz cell

Question 13

Largest neurons in the body

Answer 13

Motor neurons

Question 14

Nerve cells have a prominent _____ while glial cells do not

Answer 14

Nucleolus

Question 15

Under a microscope, oligodendrocytes appear DARK/LIGHT while astrocytes appear DARK/LIGHT

Answer 15

Dark, light

Question 16

Astrocytes can be ______ (white matter) or ______ (grey matter)

Answer 16

Fibrous, protoplasmic

Question 17

Function of astrocytes

Answer 17

Part of blood-brain barrier, form scar tissue, support neurons

Question 18

When the brain is injured, _____ astrocytes respond and can be differentiated from normal astrocytes because the ________ is visible

Answer 18

Reactive, cytoplasm

Question 19

Function of oligodendrocytes

Answer 19

Produce myelin sheath

Question 20

Oligodendrocytes can myelinate MANY/ONE axon(s)

Answer 20

Many

Question 21

Microglia can be recognized by their ______ nucleus

Answer 21

Elongated

Question 22

Function of microglia

Answer 22

Phagocytic scavenging, activity during inflammation and repair

Question 23

This type of cell is the primary site of HIV infection in the CNS

Answer 23

Microglia

Question 24

Function of ependymal cells

Answer 24

Line ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord and produce CSF

Question 25

Pigmented portion of the midbrain

Answer 25

Substantia nigra

Question 26

What observable changes occur in the SN during Parkinson’s?

Answer 26

Loss of pigmentation, formation of Lewy bodies

Question 27

Pigmented region of pond

Answer 27

Locus coeruleus

Question 28

3 pigmented neurons in the brain

Answer 28

SN, LC, dorsal nuclei of vague nerve

Question 29

Where are nuclei located in the cerebellum?

Answer 29

Cerebellar folia

Question 30

Traits of the choroid plexus

Answer 30

Consists of folds of pia mater, contains loose CT with fenestrated capillaries, found in ventricles Papillary architecture and microcalcifications (psammoma bodies)

Question 31

The choroid plexus contains specialized ependymal cells that produce ____

Answer 31

CSF

Question 32

Normal vs cancerous choroid plexus

Answer 32

Normal had cuboidal cells and a lumpy surface Papilloma has columnar cells and a flat surface

Question 33

What are corpora amylacea?

Answer 33

Aggregates is carbs that develop inside astrocytes and accumulate under the pia mater

Question 34

Obersteiner-Redlich zone

Answer 34

Transition from CNS myelin to PNS myelin

Question 35

Cranial nerve origination points

Answer 35

1 and 2 emerge from forebrain (part of CNS) 3-12 arise from brainstorm (part of PNS)

Question 36

Define ganglia

Answer 36

Collection of neuronal cell bodies and their supporting cell structures outside the CNS

Question 37

Function of ganglia

Answer 37

Relay stations for sensory input and autonomic information

Question 38

Nerve fiber vs nerve

Answer 38

Nerve fiber is an axon or collection of axons + any surrounding sheath of ectodermal origin Nerve is a group or bundle of nerve fibers covered by CT *neither include neuron cell bodies

Question 39

Epineurium

Answer 39

Contains large blood vessels and fascicles of nerve fiber bundles

Question 40

Perineurium

Answer 40

Surrounds individual fascicles of nerve fibers, joined by tight junctions to isolate the nerve

Question 41

Endoneurium

Answer 41

Surrounds axons and Schwann cells. Composed of collagen

Question 42

Schwann cell function

Answer 42

Myelinate in the PNS

Question 43

Dorsal root ganglia

Answer 43

Contain cell bodies of sensory (afferent) nerves Also called spinal ganglia

Question 44

Autonomic ganglia

Answer 44

Contain cell bodies of parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic nerves

Question 45

Function of satellite cells

Answer 45

Control over micro environment of sympathetic ganglia, similar to astrocytes in the CNS Supply nutrients, protection, express receptors that interact with neuroactive chemicals

Question 46

Origin of satellite cells

Answer 46

Type of glial cell that is similar in origin to Schwann cells. Surround neural bodies in ganglia

Question 47

Myenteric plexus location and alternate name

Answer 47

GI tract, Auerbach’s plexus

Question 48

Lack of ganglion cells in myenteric plexus leads to

Answer 48

Hirschsprung’s disease (congenital aganglionic megacolon) I.e. no bowel motility

Question 49

Mechanoreceptors in hairy skin

Answer 49

Ruffini corpuscles | Pacinian corpuscles

Question 50

Mechanoreceptors in glabrous skin

Answer 50

Meissner’s corpiscles, Merkel’s disk

Question 51

Ruffini corpuscles respond to

Answer 51

Indentation of skin

Question 52

Pacinian corpuscles respond to

Answer 52

Rapid vibrations, deep pressure

Question 53

Meissner’s corpuscles respond to

Answer 53

Stroking, fluttering, small bumps

Question 54

Merkel’s disk responds to

Answer 54

Compression