Histology Of Nasal And Oral Cavities

Question 1

What is the histology and hallmarks of the:

Respiratory Epithelium?

Answer 1

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

With lamina propria

• cilia
• goblet cells
• thick b.m.

Question 2

What is a “lamina propria”?

Answer 2

Found in respiratory epithelium, lingual papilla, and oral mucosa

Rich, vascular network of complex set of capillary loops

Question 3

What are the 3 regions of the nasal cavity?

Answer 3

Nasal vestibule
Respiratory region
Olfactory region

Question 4

What is the nasal cavity divided by?

Answer 4

Nasal septum

Question 5

What is the histology and hallmarks of the:

Nasal vestibule

Answer 5

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Inside nostrils, lined by skin

Question 6

What is the histology and hallmarks of the:

Respiratory region

Answer 6

Pseduostratified columnar ciliary epithelium

Inferior 2/3 of nasal cavities and is lined with respiratory mucosa

Question 7

What is the histology and hallmarks of the:

Olfactory region

Answer 7

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Thick
Thin b.m.
No goblet cells (NONE NONE NONE)

Located at apex and lined w/ specialized olfactory mucosa

Question 8

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

Adjust temperature and humidity of inspired air

Question 9

What are the Paranasal sinuses?

What are the lined with?

Answer 9

Air filled spaces in bones of the walls of the nasal cavity;
An extension of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity

Respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium)

Question 10

How do the sinuses communicate w/ nasal cavities?

Answer 10

Tru narrow opening onto respiratory mucosa via ciliary movements

Question 11

What are sinuses subject to ?

Answer 11

Subj. to acute infection after viral infection of UR tract

Question 12

What is the oral cavity lined with?

Answer 12

Protective mucous membrane - oral mucosa

Question 13

What is the histology and hallmarks of the:

Oral mucosa

Answer 13

Stratified squamous w/ varying keratinization

3 divisions: lining, masticatory, specialized mucosa

Question 14

What is the oral mucosa supported by? And what is that composed of?

Answer 14

Supported by dense collagenous tissue (lamina propria)

CT composed of Fibroblasts, WBCs, Collagen fibers

Question 15

What are the two layers of CT for oral mucus a?

Answer 15

Papillary layer

Dense layer

Question 16

What is the Papillary layer of oral mucosa CT composed of?

Answer 16

Superficial, loose CT

W/ NV

Question 17

What is the Dense layer of oral mucosa CT composed of?

Answer 17

Deep, dense, irregular CT w/ large amts. of fibers

Question 18

What is the function of Rete Ridges ?

Answer 18

Keep underlying mucosa attached in oral cavity

Question 19

What is the submucosal layer composed of? When is it present?

Answer 19

Present depending on location (cheeks)

Loose ct, adipose tissue, salivary glands

Question 20

What is the histology and hallmarks and location of the:

Masticatory Mucosa

Answer 20

Keratinized and/or parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

On hard palate, gingival, and dorsal surface of tongue

Superficial cells will still have highly condensed nuclei that will remain until the cell is exfoliated
Highly intergitiated with Rete ridges and papillae

Thin or absent submucosa (no fat on hard palate)

Question 21

What is the histology and hallmarks and location of the:

Lining Mucosa

Answer 21

NON keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Inner lip, cheeks, alveolar mucosal surface, floor of mouth, inferior surface of tongue,
Soft palate

Few Rete ridges and ct papillae
Has DISTINCT submucosa
Thicker than keratinized
Has 3 layers (stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum superficiale)

Question 22

What are the 3 layers of lining mucosa?

Answer 22

Stratum basale - singly layer of cells on basal lamina (deepest)

Stratum spinosum - several cells thick

Stratum superficiale - most superficial layer

Question 23

What is the histology and hallmarks and location of the:

Specialized mucosa

Answer 23

Specialized assoc. with taste
Tongue: keratinized stratified squamous
Lingual papillae: keratinized epithelium w/ lamina propria

Only on dorsal surface of tongue

Question 24

What two layers of mucosa does the dorsal surface of the tongue have?

What does it contain?

Answer 24

Masticatory mucosa
Specialized mucosa

Covers the muscular surface
Contains lingual papillae and taste buds

Question 25

What are lingual papillae?

Answer 25

Small elevated structures of specialized mucosa; some assoc. w/ taste buds Keratinized epithelium w/ lamina propria

Question 26

What are the different types of papillae?

Answer 26

Filiform Foliate Fungiform Circumvallate

Question 27

What are the characteristics of the Filiform papillae

Answer 27

Move food toward pharynx to swallow Gives tongue velvet texture, most widespread Shaped like a FINE POINTED CONE NO TASTE BUDS

Question 28

What are the characteristics of the Foliate Papillae?

Answer 28

Vertical ridges on lateral tongue surface Rect. Shape Have TASTE

Question 29

What are the characteristics of the Fungiform papillae

Answer 29

On dorsal surface of tongue in lesser #s Provide TASTE Look like little rounded cone

Question 30

What are the characteristics of the Circumvallate papillae

Answer 30

Only 7-15 of them in front of sulcus terminalis Raised mushroom shaped structures W/ sunken appearance 100s of TASTE buds present

Question 31

What is the basic structure of a taste bud?

Answer 31

Barrel shaped organs that perceive food molecules composed of 30-80 spindle shaped cells extending from b.m.

Question 32

What are the 5 taste sensations provided by taste buds?

Answer 32

``` Sweet Salty Sour/acidic Bitter Umami ```

Question 33

Besides the tongue, where else could you find taste buds?

Answer 33

Palatoglossus arch Soft palate Posterior surface of epiglottis Posterior wall of pharynx

Question 34

What are neuroepithelial (sensory) cells? What do they synapse w?

Answer 34

Elongated cells that extend from basal lamina of epithelium to taste pore Extend microvilli thru pore Synapse w/ afferent sensory neurons of CN 7,9, 10

Question 35

What are supporting cells of taste buds? What do they synapse with?

Answer 35

Elongated cells extending from basal lamina to taste pore Contain microvilli on apical surface DO NOT SYNAPSE w/ N. CELLS

Question 36

What are basal cells of taste buds?

Answer 36

Small cell near basal portion of taste bud near basal lamina Stem cells for two other cells types (supporting and neuroepithelial)

Question 37

Which tonsil is located in the Oropharynx?

Answer 37

Palatine tonsil

Question 38

Which tonsil is located in the Nasopharynx?

Answer 38

Pharyngeal tonsil

Question 39

What is the histology and hallmarks of the palatine tonsils?

Answer 39

NON-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Has 1020 tonsillar crypts (deep invaginations) Epithelial lining densely populated w/ lymphocytes (spherical, for viral and fungal) Has dense CT acting as partial capsule

Question 40

What is the histology and hallmarks of the and location Pharyngeal tonsil?

Answer 40

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium On posterior wall of nasopharynx NO CRYPTS (but invaginated mucosa w/ shallow infolding), thin capsule

Question 41

What is the histology and hallmarks of the and location Lingual tonsil?

Answer 41

Stratified squamous epithelium Along base of tongue Has terminal centers, varying # of crypts, NO CAPSULE

Question 42

What is the crown of a tooth? | What protects it?

Answer 42

Projects into oral cavity Protected by enamel

Question 43

What is the root of a tooth? What invests into it?

Answer 43

Embedded in alveolar ridge of alveolus Invested by thin layer of cementum

Question 44

What is the bulk of a tooth composed of?

Answer 44

Dentin

Question 45

What does dentin enclose? What is dentin? What are dentinal tubules?

Answer 45

Central pulp chamber Calcified organic matrix w/ calcium hydroxyapatite crystals Parallel tubes that go to edge of dentin

Question 46

What is enamel composed of?

Answer 46

parallel enamel rods (prisms) of calcium hydroxyapatite

Question 47

How are rods(prisms) of enamel held together?

Answer 47

Cemented together by calcified inter prismatic material

Question 48

What do the diagonal lines that cross enamel represent?

Answer 48

Incremental growth lines

Question 49

Why is enamel so much harder than bone?

Answer 49

Greater ratio of calcium hydroxyapatite

Question 50

What produces Dentin?

Answer 50

Odontoblast

Question 51

What produces enamel?

Answer 51

Ameloblast

Question 52

What is cementum? | What does it do?

Answer 52

Amorphous calcified tissue at base of tooth, covering dentin of root Anchors Peridontal ligament

Question 53

What composes pulp? Characteristics? Function?

Answer 53

Loose, mesenchymal CT w/ collagen fibers, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells Highly vascular, well innervated Provides nutrition to dentin and can form reactive dentin upon injury

Question 54

If a tooth is “dead” what is damaged?

Answer 54

Pulp

Question 55

How is a tooth anchored in alveolar bone?

Answer 55

Anchored via cementum and periodontal ligament

Question 56

Where does the periodontal ligament insert? What is it composed of?

Answer 56

Inserts into cementum and alveolar bone | Composed of collagen fibers

Question 57

What does the periodontium consist of? what is it basically?

Answer 57

Cementum Periodontal L. Alveolar bone Gingival Where teeth are anchored

Question 58

How do you lose a tooth?

Answer 58

Osteoblasts chew up periodontal L.